In recent years, breakthrough progress has been made in artificial intelligence big model technology. With the continuous promotion of the "AI+" initiative, it is expected that artificial intelligence will be widely applied in various fields of digital economy and production life in the next few years, and the demand for artificial intelligence reasoning will greatly expand. Therefore, users need to access high-quality and efficient artificial intelligence models, while also requiring on-demand, low-cost computing resources to support them anytime, anywhere. China's computing power is optimized and centrally constructed according to regional resource endowments, while there are multiple heterogeneous chip technology routes, and the main providers of computing power are also relatively diversified. In this situation, how to achieve optimized allocation and efficient service of computing resources nationwide, and meet the real-time demand for appropriate computing resources for tasks such as artificial intelligence and scientific computing, requires further solving the problems of building a unified market for computing services and effectively utilizing resources across the entire region on the basis of coordinating the regional optimization layout of computing facilities nationwide. Achieving cross subject, cross architecture, and cross regional interconnection of computing resources is particularly important. The country attaches great importance to the development of interconnected computing power. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to accelerate the construction of new infrastructure, strengthen strategic layout, accelerate the construction of high-speed ubiquitous, integrated, cloud network, intelligent and agile, green and low-carbon, safe and controllable intelligent comprehensive digital information infrastructure, and open up the information "artery" of economic and social development. The government work report proposes to accelerate the formation of a national integrated computing power system, cultivate a computing power industry ecosystem, optimize the layout of computing power resources nationwide, and create a digital industry cluster with international competitiveness. The "Action Plan for Computing Power Interconnection" (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan") issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in May 2025 is an important document for implementing relevant national task deployments. It aims to accelerate the construction of a computing power interconnection system, achieve standardized interconnection of public computing resources of different entities and architectures, improve the efficiency and service level of public computing resource utilization, and promote high-quality development of computing power. We believe that the interconnection of computing power is to standardize the interconnection of public computing power resources of different entities, different architectures, and different regions, so as to achieve efficient supply and demand matching, flow interoperability, and migration of computing tasks and data between computing power. On this basis, by building a unified computing power logo and protocol interface on the Internet, and enhancing the capabilities of heterogeneous computing and elastic networks, a logical computing power Internet with intelligent perception, real-time discovery, and on-demand access can be formed, and computing power can be used as easily as water and electricity. The Action Plan takes the overall idea of "pilot first, promote later, and interconnect first, then form a network", with facility interconnection, resource interconnection, and business interconnection as the main work lines, standard rules as the basis, application scenarios as the traction, and security measures as the guarantee. It also clarifies the "two-step" goal: by 2026, establish a complete system of computing power interconnection standards, identification, and rules; In terms of facility interconnection, promote new high-performance transmission protocols and enhance the level of network interconnection between computing power nodes; In terms of resource interoperability, we will establish a national, regional, and industry computing power interconnection platform, unify the aggregation of public computing power identification, and achieve the interconnection of public computing power resources among top computing power enterprises nationwide; In terms of business interoperability, we will promote the interoperability of various computing, storage, and network services to achieve cross entity, cross architecture, and cross regional computing power supply and demand scheduling; In terms of application scenarios, we carried out the pilot project of the Compute Power Internet Experimental Network to enable the industry to use computing in an inclusive way. By 2028, the standardized interconnection of national public computing power will be basically realized, and a computing Internet with intelligent perception, real-time discovery, and on-demand access will be formed. Facility interconnection realizes high-speed network transmission of computing power facilities. Facility interconnection is the interconnection of underlying facilities, including high-performance network interconnection between physical devices such as intelligent computing and general computing. In recent years, China's infrastructure construction has begun to take shape, with significant achievements in the construction of the eight major hubs and ten clusters of "East Data West Computing", and the scale of computing power ranking second in the world; Operators continue to improve the performance of cross regional backbone networks, and network indicators have significantly improved. To further optimize the interconnection and collaboration between computing power nodes and improve the efficiency and quality of data transmission, the Action Plan proposes two measures: one is to accelerate the interconnection within nodes. Develop and apply new high-speed interconnect bus protocols, and promote high-performance transmission protocol technologies such as remote direct memory access. The second is to strengthen the interconnection between networks. Upgrade national level Internet backbone direct connection points and new Internet switching centers, enhance operators' computing power private network capabilities, and strengthen inter network quality monitoring. Resource interoperability achieves efficient supply-demand matching of computing power resources. Resource interoperability refers to the interconnection of logical resources such as computing on top of facilities, including the sharing and interoperability of computing power resources such as general computing, intelligent computing, and supercomputing. It realizes the intelligent perception, real-time discovery, and on-demand use of "computing power resource pools" across subjects, architectures, and regions, enabling supply-demand matching capabilities. At present, there are over 7000 computing power entities in China, and there are differences in their technical systems, infrastructure, and calling interfaces. There is no nationwide perceptible scheduling computing power service, and users find it difficult to quickly find computing power resources that are suitable in terms of location, cost, and performance. The supply and demand have not yet achieved efficient docking. To unify the aggregation of public computing power and achieve efficient interconnection and effective utilization of computing power enterprise resources, the Action Plan proposes four tasks: firstly, to establish a unified computing power identification system. Develop standards for describing computing power identification, allocating and using computing power identification. The second is to enhance the interoperability of interfaces. Utilize computing power to identify gateways and promote the use of unified calling interfaces and communication protocols among different computing power entities. The third is to build a multi-level computing power interconnection platform. Build a national computing Internet service platform and a regional and industrial computing interconnection platform. The fourth is to ensure the smooth operation of interconnected computing power. Carry out monitoring of the operation, safety, performance, and quality of computing power facilities and services. Business interoperability realizes the integration and scheduling of storage network applications. Business interoperability is the interoperability at the application service level across computing resource pools, including collaborative scheduling of computing, storage, network, and other businesses. At present, operators, cloud service providers, and other technology products such as cloud computing operating systems and network brain are used to achieve the integration of computing, data, and network applications. To promote the interoperability of various services such as computing, storage, and networking, and to achieve cross entity, cross architecture, and cross regional computing power scheduling, the Action Plan will carry out work from three aspects: firstly, to enhance the interoperability of application scheduling. Build operator libraries and development frameworks, innovate computing resource retrieval methods and computing scheduling systems. The second is to enhance the interoperability between data and storage. Promote the application of storage technologies such as global file systems and standardize flow technologies such as data scheduling engines. The third is to enhance the ability of computing network integration. Upgrade the network based on cloud native and AI technology, and promote the construction of a computing network integration management platform. The standard rule system for consolidating computing power and interconnectivity at the three levels of computing facilities, resources, and business cannot be achieved without the foundation of technology, standards, and rules. Currently, China's computing power industry is developing rapidly, with collaborative efforts from industry, academia, research, and application. Breakthroughs have been made in key technologies such as computing power identification, resource scheduling, and transmission protocols. However, there is still a lack of standards in key identification and protocol aspects. To further unleash the industrialization capability of computing power, unify the measurement of computing power, and cultivate a large market for computing power services, the Action Plan focuses on three tasks: firstly, to tackle core technologies. Tackle technologies such as high-speed interconnect buses, high-performance transmission protocols, computing power identification, and network cloud scheduling. The second is to establish standard specifications. Develop standardized guidelines for computing power interconnection and revise general, industry, and international standards. The third is to build interconnection rules. Develop rules for computing power interconnection programs, markets, quality, etc. Scenario enabling to create inclusive and convenient experience of computing services On the basis of computing connectivity, the Internet has gradually evolved into a computing Internet with intelligent perception, real-time discovery, and on-demand access capabilities, improving computing efficiency, meeting the needs of enterprises and scientific research institutions for AI, and promoting people's inclusive computing. Currently, in the field of scientific research, efficient data flow and computation can be achieved through the interconnection of computing power for scenarios such as astrophysical simulation. In the consumer sector, for applications such as cloud computing and intelligent agent scheduling, users can flexibly purchase computing power resources by "card time" just like using electricity by "kilowatt hour", meeting the needs of using artificial intelligence. In order to further deepen the innovation and scenario application of CALI Internet, the Action Plan proposes two tasks: first, explore the construction of CALI Internet system. On the basis of the pilot project, accelerate the interconnection of public computing resources to form a computing Internet with intelligent perception, real-time discovery and on-demand access. The second is to empower typical application scenarios. Promote the application of CALI Internet in new business types, enterprise level and consumer level scenarios, as well as integration and innovation with the Internet in multiple industries. The implementation of the Action Plan for the coordinated construction of computing power requires the concerted efforts of the government, enterprises, research institutions, and other parties. One is to strengthen the implementation of tasks. Make the interconnection of computing power a key focus of the national integrated computing power system construction, and develop implementation plans. The second is to strengthen resource investment. Improve policies, funding, security and other measures, strive for local government support, and promote collaboration and sharing. The third is to strengthen the cultivation of enterprises. Support the development of backbone and small and medium-sized enterprises, cultivate computing power service enterprises, promote industrial chain cooperation, and strengthen international cooperation. The interconnectivity of computing power is an important cornerstone for the high-quality development of the digital economy. Through the systematic promotion of infrastructure interconnection, facilities interconnection, resource interoperability, business interoperability, scenario empowerment, and security assurance, China will explore the construction of an efficient and collaborative computing Internet to provide strong computing support for the development of artificial intelligence and the digital economy. (New Society)