When China's Eastern Space's Gravity 1 rocket sets the world record for the largest solid carrier rocket launch, and when Harbin Institute of Technology Satellite Company launches 22 different types of satellites into space in a year... With each breakthrough, a new era of "big space" is accelerating towards us. At the 2025 Commercial Aerospace Industry Technology Innovation and Development Forum held on August 5th, industry experts deeply analyzed the opportunities and challenges of commercial aerospace, outlining a future landscape intertwined with technological breakthroughs and industrial transformation. Commercial aerospace has evolved from a supplement to traditional national missions to a core engine driving technological innovation, expanding application boundaries, and reshaping industrial ecology. It is the forefront of technological competition and a blue ocean nurturing new quality productivity. ”He Xiaodong, academician of the CAE Member and chairman of the Technical Innovation Alliance of the Commercial Aerospace Industry, said. At the forum, Wang Jilian, General Legal Advisor of the China Academy of Space Technology, presented a remarkable set of data: the global space economy will exceed 613 billion US dollars in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 7.8%, with commercial space accounting for 78%; Global commercial aerospace investment exceeds 298 billion US dollars, with over 15000 enterprises and nearly 500 in China. Behind these numbers is the sustained dual driving force of policy and market. Looking back at the development history of commercial aerospace, the role of policy relaxation is particularly crucial. The policy dividend has spurred technological revolution and market explosion. Data shows that by 2024, there will be 158 commercial launches worldwide, accounting for 86% of the total number of spacecraft launches and a success rate of 86%. At the same time, costs are continuously decreasing. In Bu Xiangwei's eyes, China's commercial launch vehicles are currently at the forefront of technological breakthroughs and market space mutations. The price of rocket launches is decreasing by 50% annually, from the earliest 100000 yuan per kilogram to an expected 20000 to 30000 yuan next year. He predicts that the frequency of commercial rocket launches and the number of rocket maiden flights will continue to increase in the future, and reusable technologies are expected to be widely applied, with medium to large-sized rockets becoming the mainstream in the market. With the rapid changes in demand in the commercial aerospace market, traditional satellite manufacturing models are gradually unable to meet diverse and personalized needs. Chen Jian, Chairman of Harbin Institute of Technology Satellite Technology Co., Ltd., shared his practical experience from flexible platforms to agile manufacturing. The emergence of flexible platforms provides a new approach to solving this problem. It can quickly and flexibly adjust the functions and performance of satellite platforms according to different task requirements, achieving compatibility with multiple tasks. Commercial aerospace is reshaping the aerospace ecosystem at an unprecedented speed and breadth. ”Liu Ting, Vice President of Harbin Institute of Technology, pointed out that in this context, exploring technological innovation paths, grasping the pulse of market development, and deepening the integration of industry, academia, research, and application are the key to promoting high-quality development of China's commercial aerospace industry. The rise of local industrial clusters injects new momentum into commercial aerospace. Wang Hong, the full-time deputy director of the Harbin High tech Industrial Development Zone Management Committee, introduced that "Harbin New Area has gathered more than 50 commercial aerospace industry chain enterprises, forming three major industrial clusters of aerospace material supply, satellite component production, and satellite application services. The national large-scale scientific engineering 'Space Environment Ground Simulation Device' provides important support for industrial development. However, global aerospace development also harbors hidden concerns. Wang Jilian reminds that the current global space situation is characterized by "one superpower, multiple strong countries, and alliance development". At the same time, the problem of deteriorating space environment cannot be ignored: "More than 21000 spacecraft have been launched by humans, with about 11000 effectively operating. There are nearly 50000 pieces of space debris over 10 centimeters, and over 1.2 million pieces of debris between 1-10 centimeters, which pose a serious threat to future development." At the same time, the lagging construction of the regulatory system urgently needs to be addressed. Wang Jilian believes that the enormous potential of the space economy is expected to make commercial space a new legislative focus. She suggests that China should accelerate the construction of a legal and regulatory system for space activities in the new era, improve regulations such as space activity permits and object registration, and actively participate in the formulation of international rules. Under the challenge, the outline of the 'Great Space Era' has become increasingly clear. The communication revolution, transportation revolution, and energy revolution will all be deeply linked to aerospace. For example, Musk is already promoting the global one hour rapid arrival, and we are also laying out our plans, "said Bu Xiangwei. (New Society)