Recently, at the 55th Paris Air Show, Swedish company Saab announced an important test result, integrating the "Centaur" artificial intelligence system developed by German company Helsing into the new generation "Eagle Lion" E fighter jet, and conducting three test flights starting from May this year. During testing, the system autonomously calculated complex maneuvering trajectories in beyond visual range air combat, assisting pilots in effectively avoiding attacks and simulating missile launches to attack distant targets. In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, its pace towards national defense and military fields has also accelerated, especially in the field of military aviation. Major aviation powers have tried to equip their fighter jets with AI assisted driving and decision support systems to assist pilots in processing various types of information and improve their accurate judgment and flexible response capabilities in air combat. The Saab "Eagle Lion" E fighter jet was the first to be equipped with an open and modular integrated avionics system, and was once known as the "smart fighter". This time, the "Eagle Lion" E fighter jet will be equipped with and validate artificial intelligence systems, which will further enhance its air combat capabilities and lay the foundation for the development of European sixth generation aircraft. From domestic demand to overseas expansion, the "Eagle Lion" family continues to expand with new models located in Sweden on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It has long pursued a neutral policy and the defense industry has also taken an independent and self reliant development path. In recent years, the geopolitical landscape in Europe has changed, with Sweden joining NATO in 2024 and the defense industry actively participating in global cooperation, occupying a place in the international military trade market. This series of changes is reflected in the development of the "Eagle Lion" fighter family. In the 1950s to 1970s, Swedish company Saab successfully developed a series of domestically produced fighter jets such as the Saab 29, 35, and 37. Among them, the Saab 37 fighter jet, which has multiple types, was widely recognized in the industry for its excellent flight performance and ability to achieve short takeoff and landing in simple conditions such as field airports and road runways. However, in the early days, Swedish fighter jets were mainly designed for the special combat environment in Northern Europe, with domestically produced equipment such as radar, missiles, and engines. For other countries' air forces, compatibility was not high, and the spare parts supply chain was not smooth, making it difficult to open up the international military trade market. In 1979, the Swedish Air Force planned to introduce American made F-16 or F/A-18 fighter jets to replace the Saab 37 fighter jet. However, Sweden ultimately decided to continue supporting Saab in developing a new generation of domestically produced fighter jets while maintaining its independent aviation research and production capabilities. To this end, Saab led the creation of a JAS industrial team, with letters representing combat, attack, and reconnaissance. Saab is responsible for aircraft body design and system integration, Volvo Aero Engine develops power systems, SRA Communications Equipment develops avionics display systems and electronic countermeasures systems, Ericsson develops radar and electronic equipment, and FFV Ordnance provides ground maintenance and support systems. With the joint efforts of multiple parties, the JAS-39 "Eagle Lion" light multi-purpose fighter was successfully developed, and the mass-produced version was equipped with the Swedish Air Force in 1996. After the end of the Cold War, the international political environment underwent tremendous changes, and the security situation in Europe tended to ease. In order to maintain its aviation research and production system, Sweden supported Saab in promoting the JAS-39 "Eagle Lion" fighter jet globally, and adopted a flexible "buy lease combination" commercial sales method, attracting Hungary, Czech Republic, Thailand, South Africa and other countries to purchase the "Eagle Lion" fighter jet successively. Poland obtained the right to use the aircraft through leasing, and Saab gained many orders in the fiercely competitive global market, achieving a break even point. On this basis, Saab and BAE Systems formed the "Eagle Lion" International Company, which not only provides export and after-sales service support for the JAS-39 "Eagle Lion" fighter jet, but also integrates advanced aviation technology achievements in the international market to improve and upgrade the fighter jet. They have successively developed the basic A/B type, performance improved C/D type, and manufactured the "Eagle Lion" NG technology verification aircraft, innovatively integrating new aviation electronic systems. Its open architecture gives the fighter jet powerful computing power and leaves room for future electronic technology upgrades. Using the "Eagle Lion" NG technology verification aircraft as a sample, Saab has developed a new generation JAS-39 "Eagle Lion" E/F fighter jet, which quickly won orders for 60 "Eagle Lion" E single seat aircraft from the Swedish Air Force and 28 "Eagle Lion" E single seat aircraft and 8 "Eagle Lion" F double seat aircraft from the Brazilian Air Force. In 2022, the Brazilian Air Force will purchase an additional 4 "Eagle Lion" E single seat aircraft and retain an intention contract for 72 aircraft. In addition, Embraer has also introduced the full chain system of the "Eagle Lion" fighter jet and built a new production plant in China, responsible for the production of important components such as the aircraft body. The "Eagle Lion" fighter jet has won a considerable share in the export market due to its advantages of high performance and low cost. Through this, the Swedish aviation industry has successfully entered the ranks of advanced fighter jet suppliers. As a designer and integrator, Saab has embarked on the path of international cooperation. After the end of the Cold War, Saab has established good cooperative relationships with major global top aviation equipment suppliers, offering a variety of shelf products for them to choose from. During the development of the Eagle Lion E/F fighter jet, Saab was responsible for the overall design and system integration of the aircraft. The "Eagle Lion" E/F and "Eagle Lion" C/D have not changed much in appearance, but the overall design is brand new. Compared to the "Eagle Lion" C/D, the "Eagle Lion" E/F has an increased fuselage length of 1.1 meters, wingspan of 0.2 meters, maximum takeoff weight of 2.5 tons, internal fuel consumption of about 40%, and a larger flight combat radius. Saab's designers moved the main landing gear position from the belly of the aircraft to the rear of the fuselage, freeing up space in the belly to arrange multiple external attachment points in parallel, increasing the total number to 10, which can carry more mission payloads and meet the standards of a medium-sized fighter jet. Saab has reached a strategic cooperation agreement with a US company, which offers the F414G turbofan engine. Compared to the previous Volvo Aero Engine RM12 turbofan engine, the performance has significantly improved and can reach a maximum flight speed of 2 Mach. As a partner, Italian company Selec has provided a new active phased array radar for the Eagle Lion E/F. Compared with the Ericsson PS-05/A pulse Doppler radar carried on early fighter jets, the new radar has a higher target update rate, smaller radar blind spots, and a longer detection range. Combined with the company's forward-looking infrared search/aiming system, it can detect stealth targets in complex electromagnetic environments and guide the launch of medium range air-to-air missiles to strike long-range air targets. Selex also offers a new type of mounting system for carrying medium range air-to-air missiles and ground attack missiles in a multi link composite manner. In addition, the "Eagle Lion" E/F fighter jet has also introduced PAWS-2 infrared missile warning system from Israeli company Elbit, "Bright Cloud" multi-purpose decoy system from Italian company Selex, Mk10 ejection seat from British company Martin Baker, and avionics display, head up display, and intelligent helmet display from Brazilian company AEL Systems. In order to meet the different equipment systems of the Swedish and Brazilian air forces and enhance the export potential of fighter jets, the "Eagle Lion" E/F has completed testing work on carrying multinational weapons, ammunition, and mission payloads. In addition to being equipped with a German Mauser 27mm aircraft gun, the aircraft can also carry various payloads such as the "Meteor" mid-range air-to-air missile and IRIS-T short-range air-to-air missile jointly developed by multiple European countries, the American AIM-120 mid-range air-to-air missile, the South African A-Darter short-range air-to-air missile, the Israeli "Monster Snake" 5 short-range air-to-air missile, the British AIM-132 short-range air-to-air missile, as well as the American GBU series laser guided bomb, the Swedish RBS-15F ER extended range anti-ship missile, the German "Taurus" long-range cruise missile, the Israeli Rafael laser pointing pod, and the French Thales digital joint reconnaissance pod. From the perspective of user demand, Saab comprehensively controls costs in the development, production, and use of fighter jets, extensively adopts mature shelf products in the international military trade market, and puts effort into system integration, improving design and integration processes, which is conducive to the continuous upgrading of fighter jets in the future and enhancing market competitiveness. Equipped with an artificial intelligence system, the "Eagle Lion" E fighter has completed three over the horizon air combat tests. Like European countries such as Germany and France, Sweden has not developed and equipped fifth generation aircraft. Sweden has always intended to create a new generation of advanced fighter jets through various means. To this end, the Swedish Defense Equipment Management Agency has launched the "Beyond" concept plan aimed at conducting pre research for future fighter jet systems. One important part of this plan is to introduce artificial intelligence systems into fighter jets and select the "Eagle Lion" E fighter jet as the test carrier. This time, Saab's partner is the renowned German AI startup company Helsing. The company was founded in 2021 and quickly entered the weapons and equipment market after raising 100 million euros in start-up capital from Sweden. It developed the HX-2 artificial intelligence drone, which can strike targets up to 100 kilometers away, and quickly underwent practical testing after being launched on the market. Helsing's market valuation continues to rise, reaching approximately 5 billion euros by the end of 2024, making it a "leader" in the field of defense artificial intelligence in Europe. It has subsidiaries in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Estonia, and has close cooperation with companies such as Anduril, Microsoft, Palantir, Amazon, Boeing, and Airbus. It is precisely because of the European domestic enterprise identity and strong artificial intelligence research and development capabilities of Helsing that Saab has decided to cooperate with them to carry out the improvement work of the "Eagle Lion" E fighter jet. The "Eagle Lion" E fighter inherits the comprehensive avionics system of the "Eagle Lion" NG fighter, separating the software responsible for flight control and tactical management software. When users add new performance features to the fighter, they only need to upgrade the tactical management software without touching on key flight safety functions, which is beneficial for improving progress and reducing upgrade costs. It is reported that Helsing's "Centaurus" artificial intelligence system can obtain one million hours of pilot flight experience in just 72 hours. On May 28th of this year, the "Eagle Lion" E fighter jet equipped with the "Centaurus" artificial intelligence system made its first flight over the Baltic Sea, marking a new progress in the application of artificial intelligence to combat aircraft. Afterwards, two more tests were conducted. In the third test on June 3rd, the Swedish Air Force deployed a two seater "Eagle Lion" D fighter as a hypothetical enemy to conduct over the horizon air combat tests with the "Eagle Lion" E fighter equipped with artificial intelligence systems. The combat capability of the artificial intelligence system was tested by changing the distance, speed, direction, and other air situations of the target fighter. Saab and Helsing did not disclose specific details of the battle. According to the information currently available, the "Centaurus" artificial intelligence system can adjust its strategy according to different situations and request the pilot to issue commands to fire. Thanks to the open electronic architecture of the "Eagle Lion" E fighter jet, the "Centaurus" artificial intelligence system can be quickly installed on the aircraft without the need for major modifications. According to the plan, the team of Helsing Company will continue to analyze flight data, upgrade artificial intelligence systems, and produce a fully stable operating version by the end of the year, which can be quickly installed on all "Eagle Lion" E/F fighter jets and become the "electronic staff" of pilots. In recent years, European and American countries have continued to explore the application of artificial intelligence systems in fighter jets, continuously enhancing their functions in high-speed data processing, intelligent flight control, big data analysis and decision support, self-learning and optimization, etc., through AI algorithms