As a serious product of academic research, writing a deeply focused paper is not an easy task. It requires the author to have a long-term and solid accumulation of knowledge, as well as to constantly search for information, think deeply, and invest a lot of effort in completing the writing. However, in some institutions, papers are produced in an "assembly line" manner and sold at extremely low prices. Recently, there have been media reports that some companies are aggressively recruiting "writing" personnel through e-commerce platforms, using the "group writing+AI" model to provide paid paper writing services for "in demand" groups, forming a gray industry chain. Experts interviewed by reporters pointed out that paper ghostwriting is not only academic misconduct, but also suspected of illegal activities. While strengthening academic norms and integrity education, multiple measures should be taken to increase the crackdown on ghostwriting services, clarify the boundary between AI assisted and AI ghostwriting, and ensure the originality of papers. In recent media exposure of related cases, the same writer was able to complete papers in multiple unrelated disciplines, such as law, preschool education, computer applications and technology, on e-commerce platforms with hidden paper writing services. The "secret" behind its omnipotence lies in adopting the "group writing+AI" mode, using various AI software in the process of ghostwriting. Simply enter the major, topic, keywords, and some basic requirements of the paper in the dialog box of these software, and a detailed initial draft can be generated in a short time. It can also assist in completing logical architecture construction, language polishing, and other work, with simple operation and high efficiency. When a reporter searched for the keyword "thesis writing" on an e-commerce platform, the page immediately jumped to the Green Network Plan and prompted that, according to the relevant laws and regulations, social intermediary organizations, Internet sites and individuals who organize or participate in the purchase, sale and writing of academic theses should be investigated and dealt with by the relevant competent authorities according to law. Those who violate relevant laws and regulations shall be held legally responsible. Afterwards, the reporter attempted to search using keywords such as "AI paper", "paper polishing", and "paper plagiarism check". The page displayed related content such as "one-on-one guidance for papers" and "urgent graduation thesis", with prices ranging from tens to thousands of yuan. Among them, there are some AI paper writing tools, instructions, and other products, as well as merchants who provide paper guidance services. These merchants have few product introductions on their homepage, but most of them prompt words such as "Do not use any prohibited words" and "If you need special guidance, please contact customer service". The reporter noticed that many businesses that provide paper writing are strongly emphasizing "refusing to use AI" and having professional teams write. College graduate Lin Wei (pseudonym) revealed to reporters that in fact, most businesses use AI writing, which is more convenient and faster to produce articles. He once found three institutions to write his graduation thesis for him, but all of them had a clear "AI flavor", with many empty words and clich é s, and serious homogenization of articles. Writing papers on behalf of others touches multiple legal red lines. Writing papers on behalf of others is a behavior explicitly prohibited by the state. According to the Measures for Handling Academic Dissertation Fraud, if someone else writes a thesis on behalf of someone else, or organizes the writing of a thesis on behalf of someone else, it is considered academic thesis fraud. Those who violate relevant laws and regulations shall be held legally responsible. In 2018, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued a notice on severely cracking down on the buying, selling, and ghostwriting of dissertations in higher education institutions, emphasizing that guidance teachers who fail to perform their duties and engage in the buying, selling, and ghostwriting of dissertations for their students should be held accountable for their dereliction of duty. Students who participate in purchasing or writing academic theses on behalf of others will be expelled from school. Those who have obtained academic and degree certificates shall be revoked in accordance with the law. According to the Degree Law, if a thesis or practical achievement is deemed to have engaged in academic misconduct such as ghostwriting, plagiarism, or forgery, the degree granting unit shall not grant the degree or revoke the degree upon the resolution of the degree evaluation committee. Whether using AI ghostwriting or having someone else do it, paper ghostwriting goes against the basic spirit of academia because it fails to reflect the author's creativity and contribution to the paper. ”Chu Chaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, pointed out that AI ghostwriting requires the use of massive amounts of text data, and the generated text content will heavily draw on the works of others, resulting in legal risks such as copyright infringement. Zhang Yunyan, senior partner of Beijing Jincheng Tongda (Shanghai) Law Firm, said that for ghostwriting agencies and writers, their behavior may be suspected of various illegal activities. If a writing agency engages in educational and publishing business activities in bulk for profit without permission and seriously disrupts market order, it may constitute the crime of illegal business operation. If a ghostwriting agency fabricates performance capabilities and conceals AI generated facts to defraud fees, it may also constitute fraud. Clarify boundaries and resist AI piecing together "pseudo achievements". Nowadays, the application of AI tools is becoming increasingly diversified. Even without hiring ghostwriting agencies, many college students still use AI technology to some extent when writing their own graduation theses. In the eyes of undergraduate graduate Tianming (pseudonym), using AI to write papers is more convenient than flipping through thick books or searching for information online. He used AI as a "writing assistant" when writing his graduation thesis, such as sorting out a large number of survey results through AI and turning them into logical content. When there is a lack of ideas in writing, input some ideas into AI and use generated content to improve personal argumentation logic. In Chu Chaohui's view, it is not realistic to completely ban the application of AI in paper writing. The boundary between AI assisted and AI ghostwriting should be clarified. AI can be used to provide writing ideas or organize research literature, but cannot be used to generate the entire paper. What we really need to resist are those "pseudo achievements" pieced together by AI that lack research originality and a true understanding of the problem. To address this phenomenon, several universities have standardized the use of AI in paper writing. In November 2024, Fudan University issued the "Regulations on the Use of AI Tools in Undergraduate Thesis (Design) (Trial)", which clarifies the scope and principles of allowing the use of AI, while also making clear provisions on prohibiting the direct use of AI tools to generate the main text of undergraduate thesis (design), and prohibiting the use of AI tools for language polishing and translation. In January 2024, Jiangxi University of Applied Science and Technology issued a notice stating that the school advocates the rational use of new tools and technologies, but artificial intelligence tools can only be used for auxiliary work such as literature retrieval and data processing, and are strictly prohibited from being directly applied to paper writing. Zhao Jingwu, an associate professor at the School of Law of Beihang University, pointed out that AI should only further improve the details of the paper based on the existing achievements, and play a role in adding icing on the cake. The main content and core viewpoints of the paper should be written by students themselves. At present, with the current level of technology, the vast majority of AI products are unlikely to directly generate graduation theses that meet academic requirements in the short term. The "AI thesis writing tutorials" published by some institutions on the platform have problems such as excessive marketing, which may induce students to form bad writing habits. Therefore, in addition to schools, regulatory agencies and platform operators should be more vigilant against malicious marketing and fraudulent activities that use gimmicks such as "AI ghostwriting papers". In January 2025, the Supreme People's Court issued the "Opinions on Ensuring Technological Innovation with High Quality Trial Services", proposing to severely punish scientific research fraud such as buying, selling, ghostwriting, and submitting papers or project acceptance materials, buying, selling, forging, and tampering with experimental data. Chu Chaohui believes that relevant departments should carry out normalized governance for paper ghostwriting to further increase the cost of illegal activities. Xiong Bingqi, the president of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, pointed out that to eradicate the gray industry chain of paper writing, it is also necessary to "govern supply and demand together". It is necessary to seriously investigate the responsibility of personnel, institutions, and platforms that illegally provide paper writing services, as well as the responsibility of service purchasers, and strengthen academic norms and integrity education in the era of artificial intelligence. (New Society)