Developing industries that enrich the people is a key lever for increasing farmers' income, promoting comprehensive rural revitalization, and advancing common prosperity. It is also an important engine for stimulating the endogenous driving force of county-level economic development. In 2026, the No. 1 central document of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) made a key deployment on cultivating and strengthening the industry of enriching the people in the county, emphasizing "promoting the integrated development of industry, strengthening the county and enriching the people". Grasping firmly on the prosperous industry as the foundation of comprehensive rural revitalization, based on the advantages of county-level resources, cultivating characteristic industries with precision, improving the mechanism of interest linkage, will help ensure that the fruits of industrial development benefit the vast number of farmers more fairly and provide strong support for high-quality economic and social development. Cultivating and strengthening the industries that enrich the people in counties is not only an urgent need to solve the imbalance between urban and rural development and promote local employment and income increase for farmers, but also a strategic choice to follow the laws of development and build a solid foundation for the comprehensive revitalization of rural industries. The county-level industry for enriching the people is a systematic upgrade and spatial reconstruction of the traditional rural industry development model, aimed at achieving deep coupling between differentiated development and integrated layout. Developing industries that enrich the people in counties goes beyond the traditional point based development thinking that focuses on individual villages or products. It emphasizes using the entire county as a coordinated unit to deeply explore local unique natural resources, agricultural culture, etc., enhance the core competitiveness of the county, and promote the flow of funds, technology, talents, etc. to the county. This requires the industrial layout of county towns, central towns, general towns, central villages, and grassroots villages as an organic whole with complementary functions and element circulation, promoting the smooth circulation and optimized allocation of resource elements within the county space. Intended to strengthen the economic foundation of county-level areas, allowing key links and value-added benefits in the industrial chain to stay in the county and benefit farmers, and better achieve mutual promotion and prosperity between urban and rural areas. In recent years, China has vigorously implemented the rural revitalization strategy and achieved positive results in promoting the development of rural industries. The construction of modern agricultural industry system, production system, and management system is accelerating, and the support of scientific and technological equipment is significantly enhanced. New industries and business models such as modern agricultural product processing industry, rural leisure tourism, and rural e-commerce are flourishing, injecting strong momentum into the development of rural areas and laying a solid material foundation, market foundation, and talent foundation for further cultivating and strengthening industries that benefit the people in the new era and new journey. At the same time, it must also be soberly recognized that some rural industries still have problems such as short chains, low efficiency, severe homogeneous competition, and insufficient linkage between agriculture and rural areas. To address and solve these problems, we must have greater determination and more practical measures to deepen, refine, and solidify the county's wealth industry, and effectively build it into a solid support for promoting common prosperity of farmers and rural areas, and promote the integrated development of industry, county strength, and wealth for the people. Firstly, focus on the characteristics of the county and adhere to adapting measures to local conditions. As the basic unit of China's economic and social development, counties are natural connection points and intersections of elements between cities and rural areas, forming a spatial carrier for the cultivation and growth of industries that enrich the people. If there is insufficient exploration and unclear positioning of the unique characteristics of the county in the process of industrial development, it will fall into homogeneous development and "internal competition". Therefore, the development of county-level industries for the benefit of the people primarily relies on a deep understanding and precise reliance on the comprehensive endowment of the county, adapting to local conditions, and achieving characteristic development. The so-called adaptation to local conditions means comprehensively examining one's own natural resource conditions, ecological environment capacity, historical and cultural resources, location and transportation characteristics, and existing industrial foundation, scientifically evaluating comparative advantages, and doing a good job in "local specialties". This is not simply about selling primary products, but about using industrial thinking and market-oriented concepts to specialize, scale, and brand the most distinctive "local" resources, ultimately forming an industrial cluster with strong market competitiveness. For example, Changfeng County in Anhui Province adheres to the "special" and "excellent" strategies, based on its own ecological advantages, and continues to expand and strengthen the strawberry industry, turning "small strawberries" into a large industry with an annual output value of billions of yuan and driving farmers to increase their income and become prosperous. In the western pastoral areas, the Altay region of Xinjiang relies on its abundant natural grasslands and unique climate conditions to cultivate Altay sheep with a thousand years of breeding history into national geographical indication products. Brands such as "Little Sheep Cocoa" have successfully entered the high-end domestic market. Focusing on the characteristics of counties, it is required that all regions adhere to the principle of starting from reality, maintain strategic determination, and not blindly compare themselves. Through scientific planning and continuous cultivation, the advantages of county resources, ecology, and culture can be transformed into unique industrial and economic advantages, and a solid foundation for the development of industries that enrich the people can be built. Secondly, grasp the laws of "industry" and adhere to market driven principles. Industries have their own development logic, mainly manifested in the role of supply and demand relationships and competition mechanisms, where business entities exert economies of scale and scope, promote the upgrading of the industrial chain and value chain, and achieve optimized resource allocation and sustained efficiency improvement. Grasping the laws of the industry essentially means continuously improving efficiency, enhancing innovation capabilities, adhering to market driven and technology empowered approaches, and promoting the development of county-level industries for the benefit of the people towards higher levels and greater resilience. On the one hand, it is necessary to adhere to the better combination of an effective market and a proactive government. The government should mainly play the role of a guide and a service provider in industrial development, focusing on cultivating dynamic business entities, and supporting new agricultural business entities such as leading enterprises and farmers' cooperatives to enhance their ability to connect with the market, create brands, and manage risks. On the other hand, actively following the general laws of industrial upgrading and strengthening the core engine role of technological innovation. For example, Qinggang County in Heilongjiang Province relies on advanced technology to achieve a 3-hour "fast freshness locking" of corn, promoting the transformation of primary agricultural products into high value-added commodities. At present, the fresh corn industry has become one of the leading industries in Qinggang County to promote county-level economic development and increase people's income, achieving a leap in industrial level. For example, Huan County in Gansu Province, through the dual wheel drive of genetic technology and digital technology, has created a complete industry chain for meat sheep, paving the way for a modern agricultural transformation from "relying on nature to raise sheep" to "data breeding", and helping local people achieve income growth and prosperity. In short, in order for an industry to stand firm and go far, its development must be based on market recognition and the enhancement of core competitiveness, ensuring compliance with market laws and withstanding market tests. Thirdly, anchor the foundation of "enriching the people" and persist in investing in people. The fundamental goal of cultivating and strengthening industries that benefit the people in counties is to enrich the people. This requires the development of county-level industries for the benefit of the people to be achieved through the establishment of a close and diverse mechanism of interest linkage, in order to retain more and more stable industrial value-added benefits in rural areas and for farmers. We should actively explore innovative business models such as joint-stock cooperative operation, adopting contract agriculture, and developing agricultural industrialization consortia, establish closer interest connections with farmers, and mobilize their enthusiasm. At the same time, we will strengthen investment in human capital, promote more financial resources to "invest in people", focus on the development needs of leading industries in counties, carry out practical skills training in modern agricultural technology, e-commerce, rural tourism services, etc., and cultivate more new types of professional farmers with culture, technical knowledge, and good management skills. By achieving substantial and sustained growth in farmers' income, we can effectively support the continuous improvement of consumption capacity, stimulate endogenous development momentum, expand rural domestic demand, thereby stimulating the upgrading of industries, attracting more capital, technology, talent and other factors to flow to the county, and forming a virtuous cycle of industry promoting income increase, income increasing promoting consumption, and consumption promoting industry. Author: Li Jun (Vice Dean and Professor of the School of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University)