When we were children, we may have folded paper airplanes of different shapes. Some have wide wings and fly slowly and steadily; Some wings are slender and fly fast and far. This seemingly simple toy implies the mystery of wing design. From the dual wing layout adopted by the first aircraft in human history, the Flyer I, to the Lambda wings used in modern advanced sixth generation aircraft, their shapes have evolved into various forms. At the beginning of the 20th century, the core task of the pioneers in aircraft design was to lift aircraft off the ground. Due to limited engine power at the time, the only option was to increase the wing area to obtain greater lift, which led to the emergence of biplanes and three wing aircraft. In 1903, the Wright brothers designed the "Flyer One" using a biplane layout. During World War I, the ace pilot Lichterhofen set an astonishing record of shooting down 80 enemy planes, and his fighter aircraft used a three wing layout. The multi wing layout has high air resistance and bulky structure. With the increasing demand for flight speed, single wing aircraft are gradually replacing multi wing aircraft. In the 1930s, the straight wing layout became the mainstream direction of fighter wing design. This rectangular, trapezoidal, or elliptical wing surface layout design was simple and had stable lift efficiency in the subsonic range. The German Messerschmitt Bf-109 and British Spitfire fighter jets both used straight wings and demonstrated excellent performance in early World War II air combat. However, when the fighter attempts to break through the speed of sound, the straight wing encounters a technical bottleneck of "sound barrier" - the air ahead is compressed to form shock waves, the resistance increases dramatically, and the risk of the fighter losing control or even disintegrating sharply increases. In 1935, Adolf Boltzmann of Germany proposed the concept of swept wing aviation design. The innovative design of this leading era was limited by the immaturity of wind tunnel technology at that time, making it difficult to "land", but it laid the groundwork for future breakthroughs. The iterative updating of engines accelerates the breakthrough of fighter wings. Years later, the first German Me-262 fighter jet equipped with a jet engine was put into practical use. The fighter jet adopts an 18 ° swept wing, but this change mainly considers the adjustment of the center of gravity, rather than the true application of Boltzmann's innovative concept. After the war, the United States recruited Bootzman to join NASA, while the Soviet Union used captured data to study swept wing design. Both countries simultaneously began practical exploration of swept wing design. In 1947, the US F-86 "Sabre" fighter jet adopted a swept wing design of approximately 35 °, followed closely by the Soviet MiG-15 fighter jet, which also adopted a 35 ° swept wing design. At the same time, the triangular wing layout emerged as a new force. Although this layout had been proposed by engineers as early as the 16th century, it was not until 1944 that it was first applied to the German Me-163 rocket powered fighter. After the war, German scientist Alexander Lipesh went to the United States to participate in the development of the F-102 delta wing fighter, while French company Dassault Systemes launched the "Phantom" series of delta wing fighters. The large sweep angle design of delta wings can effectively reduce supersonic drag and became the preferred layout for high-speed interceptors in the early Cold War. Due to the dual pursuit of flight speed and handling stability, wing design with wing strips has become popular. In the 1960s, NASA wind tunnel tests found that large swept edges could generate strong vortices, injecting high-energy airflow into the upper surface of the wing and significantly delaying airflow separation. In 1972, the US F-5E fighter jet made its maiden flight, innovatively adopting small area slats and significantly improving lift. In addition, the duck style layout also matured during this period. This layout design, which places the horizontal front wing in front of the wing, can enhance maneuverability through vortex lift. The J-10 fighter jet in our country adopts this type of layout, greatly improving maneuverability through the vortex coupling between the duckwing and the wing. The emergence of the fifth generation aircraft signifies that the aerodynamic layout has begun to pursue a multi-objective balance of "stealth, aerodynamic performance, and structural integrity". The US F-22 fighter jet is designed with a composite vortex generator on the nose edge and inlet leading edge. Although the edge area is reduced, it achieves a supersonic cruising speed of 1.8 Mach and significantly reduces shock resistance compared to the F-15. The evolution of the shape of fighter wings has witnessed the leap of aircraft from "flying up" to "flying fast" and then to "flying well". In the future, with the integration of fluid mechanics and intelligent control technology, fighter wings may further break through in the pursuit of the goal of "all-weather, all airspace, and all mission". (New Society)