Recently, the "Xiangshan" open source computing system and the "Ruyi" native operating system based on the fifth generation reduced instruction set (RISC-V) were released at the "RISC-V Ecological Technology Forum" of the 2026 Zhongguancun Forum Annual Meeting, which is an important achievement of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in tackling key problems in the chip industry. The combination of "Xiangshan" and "Ruyi" has opened up a new path for the implementation of the open source chip industry, marking the formation of the two major RISC-V open source root communities led by China. China has gained more say in the global development of open source technology standards. What is RISC-V? What is the use of "Xiangshan" and "Ruyi" for ordinary people? What are the current achievements of their industrial landing? In response to the above issues, a reporter from Science and Technology Daily interviewed relevant experts. First question: What are the characteristics and advantages of RISC-V? RISC-V can be understood as a publicly available and free "language" for chip design, which is the instruction set architecture of the chip. In the past, mainstream chip architectures were mostly controlled by a few companies, which not only had high licensing fees but also had many limitations when used. The biggest feature of RISC-V is its open source, flexibility, and efficiency. Anyone can use it to design chips, just like building a work with publicly available LEGO drawings. There is no need to pay patent fees, and the functionality can be customized or expanded according to needs. ”Wu Yanjun, deputy director of the Software Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said. This open model significantly reduces the threshold for chip design, allowing more companies, research teams, and even individuals to participate; At the same time, it is very flexible and can add customized instructions based on different scenarios such as artificial intelligence (AI), 5G, and the Internet of Things, allowing the chip to run faster and save more power in specific tasks. More importantly, because RISC-V does not belong to any single company, global developers can jointly maintain and evolve this standard, avoiding the risk of being "choked" by a single enterprise. Question 2: What is the use of "Xiangshan" and "Ruyi" for ordinary people? In layman's terms, "Xiangshan" and "Ruyi" refer to the "open-source design drawings" of high-performance chips and the "tailor-made operating systems" specifically designed for these types of chips. 'Xiangshan' is currently the only open-source high-performance processor system based on RISC-V in the world, which is equivalent to publicly disclosing the expensive chip design technology. Among them, the latest 'Kunming Lake' processor core has reached the world's strongest level of performance. Enterprises can use it like building blocks to customize chips for servers, AI computing power, and even 5G devices, greatly reducing the threshold for chip research and development. ”Bao Yungang, deputy director of the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said. Ruyi "is the first operating system in China that natively supports RISC-V architecture. It deeply optimizes chips like" Xiangshan "from the root and comes with simple and easy-to-use development tools, making it easier for developers to develop applications. For ordinary people, the benefits brought by these two technologies are very tangible. The chip cost of future devices such as smartphones, computers, and smart homes will decrease; After operators use independently controllable server chips, 5G networks and cloud services will also be more reliable and secure. More importantly, developing these two technologies can cultivate a large number of chip talents, allowing the core technology and industry chain to truly be in one's own hands, laying a solid foundation for using more affordable and reliable electronic products. ”Bao Yungang said. Question 3: What are the achievements of the landing of the "Xiangshan" and "Ruyi" industries? At present, the industrial landing achievements of 'Xiangshan' are significant, and the world has achieved product level delivery and large-scale application of high-performance open source chips for the first time. ”Bao Yungang said, for example, based on "Kunming Lake", Jindi Space (Hangzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. has developed the world's first high-performance commercial processor core; Bluechip Computing (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd. has launched the first RISC-V server chip in China that supports the RVA23 standard, and has also been the first to use RISC-V servers in operator 5G services; Xindong Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. has deeply integrated the "Xiangshan" CPU and CUDA compatible GPU to develop and release the "Fenghua 3". Xiangshan has been widely adapted to multiple fields such as AI, cloud computing, and industrial control. The biggest achievement of "Ruyi" is to provide solid software support for domestic hardware such as "Xiangshan", allowing the chip performance to be truly utilized. As a core software hub connecting chip manufacturers, operating system communities, and developers, 'Ruyi' has built the 'software foundation' of RISC-V in China and solved the core problems of basic software support; On the other hand, by gathering global developers and industry partners through open source models, we can promote collaborative innovation in the upstream and downstream of the industry chain, accelerate the construction of the RISC-V software ecosystem, and give China more initiative in the development of global RISC-V software standards and ecosystem construction. ”Wu Yanjun said. (New Society)