The Chengdu Plain is the birthplace and development site of the ancient Shu civilization, which is an important component of the "diversity" of Chinese civilization. It was not until the late Warring States period and early Western Han Dynasty that it fully integrated into the tide of Qin and Han civilization. Around 1100 BC, during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which were equivalent to the Central Plains dynasty, there existed the Sanxingdui culture and the Twelve Bridges culture represented by Jinsha in the Chengdu Plain. Their unique types and shapes of bronze ware bloomed with the prosperity and individuality of the ancient Shu civilization. The two archaeological discoveries of the Sanxingdui sacrificial pit in 1986 and 2020 have attracted worldwide attention. But we still lack sufficient understanding of the form of the primitive religion of Sanxingdui in the ancient Shu civilization and the social form of the Chengdu Plain at that time. For example, the academic community generally believes that Sanxingdui and Jinsha are centers of royal power that have been replaced before and after. However, many jade artifacts and gold masks from Jinsha have a high degree of homogeneity with similar artifacts from Sanxingdui, suggesting that the two may not necessarily have a substitutional relationship sooner or later. Besides Sanxingdui and Jinsha, Zhuwa Street in Pengzhou also shows an important social status. Behind the prosperous Bronze Age civilization in the Chengdu Plain around 1100 BC, there may have been a more complex social pattern than we imagined. There are three high-level settlements of ancient Shu civilization in the Chengdu Plain around 1100 BC, namely Sanxingdui, Jinsha, and Zhuwajie. The Sanxingdui Site is located in Guanghan City. It was discovered in 1927 and has been extensively excavated and named the Sanxingdui Culture since 1980. Its era spans from the Erlitou Culture period to the Late Shang Dynasty. The site covers an area of 12 square kilometers, including small and large cities with different eras, as well as large buildings. In 1986, the first and second sacrificial pits were discovered and excavated, revealing a large number of bronze artifacts such as divine trees, standing figures, human heads, and human masks, as well as gold and jade artifacts. Most of the unearthed artifacts date back to the late Shang Dynasty. Scholars believe that these artifacts were originally used for sacrificial purposes. In 2019, the third to eighth sacrificial pits were excavated near the sacrificial pit, and the unearthed objects were similar in category and characteristics to previous discoveries. The archaeological discovery of the Sanxingdui sacrificial pit caused a sensation because no bronze ware group earlier than the Western Zhou Dynasty had been found in the Chengdu Plain before, and because the strange and peculiar style of the unearthed bronze ware was completely different from the traditional Central Plains culture and the early civilization that people were familiar with in the past. The cultural relics unearthed from the Sanxingdui site, especially the sacrificial pits, clearly reflect the influence of three different stages of Central Plains cultural factors on local culture, namely the Erlitou Culture period, the period before and after the first phase of the Yin Ruins, and the late Shang and early Zhou dynasties. The pottery and turquoise inlaid plaques, as well as the jade and ivory ornaments seen in the sacrificial pit, all belong to the style of Erlitou culture. Although some utensils have been localized, these cultural factors clearly originate from Erlitou culture. The bronze ritual vessels represented by Zun and Cuo are highly similar to bronze containers such as the Dragon and Tiger Zun unearthed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Taijia Temple, reflecting a strong connection with the culture before and after the first period of the Yin Ruins in the Central Plains region. There are also locally cast bronze containers such as Gouxingzun that imitate the style of Central Plains vessels in the sacrificial pit, which should date back to the late Shang and early Zhou dynasties. The Jinsha Site is located 40 kilometers southwest of the Sanxingdui Site in the western suburbs of Chengdu, with an area of over 5 square kilometers. Buildings and tombs have been discovered at the site, with a sacrificial area of over 10000 square meters in the southeast, where valuable materials such as gold, bronze, and jade have been unearthed. The Jinsha Site is adjacent to the Twelve Bridges Site and together constitute the main remains of the Twelve Bridges Culture. The large-scale archaeological sites indicate that Jinsha was also the political center of an ancient Shu civilization kingdom. It is generally believed that the Twelve Bridges culture dates back to the Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn periods, later than the Sanxingdui culture. Jinsha was the new political center after the decline of the Sanxingdui dynasty. However, the age of the bronze artifacts unearthed in the Jinsha sacrificial area does not support this conclusion. Most of the bronze artifacts unearthed in the Jinsha sacrificial area are broken fragments, and in the past, we lacked a comprehensive understanding of their appearance. Through meticulous assembly and comparison, the age of many bronze artifacts can be identified. For example, some bronze fragments, including semi relief animal face pattern decorative parts, flat bird shaped decorations, etc., are identical in shape and decoration to the artifacts of the Central Plains culture Zunzi unearthed from the Sanxingdui sacrificial pit. This indicates that the age of the sacrificial area can be traced back to the first period of the Yin Ruins culture in the late Shang Dynasty. In addition, relics possibly dating back to the mid Shang Dynasty, such as the bronze spear, have been discovered at the Jinsha site. Late bronze artifacts, such as fragments of double eared bronze vessels from the Jinsha sacrificial area and fragments of lifting beam jars, are almost identical to the style of bronze vessels from the early Western Zhou Dynasty's Central Plains culture. Some animal head fragments are similar to those unearthed in Tongcheng, Anhui, and should date back to the early to mid Spring and Autumn period. It can be seen that the prosperous stage of Jinsha occurred from the late Shang Dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and continued until the early to mid Spring and Autumn Period. Zhuwa Street is located in the southeast of Pengzhou City, 15 kilometers west of Sanxingdui Site and 25 kilometers north of Jinsha Site, with a site area of 3 square kilometers. In 1959 and 1980, bronze ware cellars were discovered here twice, both of which were placed in large jars. The first batch of bronze ware had 5 double ear pendants, 1 zun, 2 zhui, and more than 10 weapons, while the second batch had 4 double ear pendants and more than 10 weapons. In addition to the weapons belonging to the local style of Bashu, the unearthed bronze containers such as double eared tassels, zuns, and zhus are all in the style of Central Plains culture. Some of the tassels have similar shapes and decorative features to those found in early Western Zhou tombs in Yejiashan, Hubei. They also have Shang style inscriptions or ethnic emblems on them. Zun and zhus may have been obtained as tassels or as a result of the destruction of the Shang Dynasty. The age and composition of these bronze containers are completely identical to the bronze artifacts from the Zeng State tombs in Yejiashan. From a chronological perspective, Sanxingdui in the above three sites dates back to the late Shang Dynasty from the Erlitou Culture, Jinsha dates back to the early Shang Dynasty to the early and mid Spring and Autumn Period, and Zhuwa Street belongs to the early Western Zhou Dynasty. It can be seen that the survival time of the three cities at that time was not in chronological order, at least there was a pairwise overlap in the late Shang Dynasty and early Western Zhou Dynasty. Meanwhile, all three cities have a scale of over 3 square kilometers. Such a scale and high-grade bronze ware indicate that their nature at that time should have been that of capital cities. Considering that their straight-line distances in space are all over 15 kilometers, they should not be multiple capitals of the same kingdom. It is speculated that they may be coexisting ancient Shu civilizations from different kingdoms. The political landscape of the Chengdu Plain during the Shang and Zhou dynasties requires us to re-examine. In the surrounding areas of the Central Plains region, there are likely to be many regional monarchies with small areas. Sanxingdui, Jinsha, and Zhuwajie may represent regional political systems that develop parallel to each other on the Chengdu Plain. We are familiar with the sacrificial relics of different settlements. The artifacts unearthed from the Sanxingdui sacrificial pit were originally used for sacrificial purposes, but in fact, there were also sacrificial activities on Jinsha and Zhuwa streets. The sacrificial relics at these locations have different specific manifestations. If we compare and observe them, it will help us further understand the sacrificial activities in the Chengdu Plain at that time. The sacrificial area excavated from the Jinsha site is very clear and distinct. The main body of the sacrificial area is a roughly rectangular earthen platform with an area of over 10000 square meters. There are complex and diverse forms of worship (including the handling of offerings) found around this worship area: ceremonial items (offerings) are either sunk in lakes or low-lying areas, dug pits are stacked in layers, or concentrated on the ground. Many offerings were shattered, and a large amount of ash layers were left in the sacrificial area, indicating that burning is an important part of the sacrificial activities. These signs indicate that the Jinsha sacrificial area was a long-term and repeatedly used sacrificial site at that time, and sacrificial activities continued to take place in open-air venues. The relics unearthed from the Sanxingdui sacrificial pit mainly include bronze ware, jade ware, pottery, and artificial products such as gold. Another type is a large number of natural relics, including ivory and about 3 cubic meters of burnt bone fragments. Artificial products can be divided into the following six categories: the first category is objects with personality, including bronze portraits, human heads, human masks, bronze animal masks, animal faces, eye shaped objects, sun shaped objects, etc; The second type is composite objects composed of characters and animals, including bronze divine trees, altars, divine beasts, as well as associated characters, dragons, birds, bells, etc; The third type is bronze containers, including zun, zhun, bu, pan, etc., with a commercial cultural style; The fourth type is ceremonial objects made of bronze or jade, such as ivory, spear, jade shaped utensils, chisels, etc., which are consistent with the same type of jade objects in the Central Plains culture; The fifth category includes artifacts that may have a foreign background, such as gold, seashells, ivory, and red stone agate. Most scholars believe that seashells originated from the Indian Ocean region, and gold is often considered an imported commodity. Red stone agate, on the other hand, has a Western background; The sixth category is ceramic containers, mainly consisting of pointed bottomed cups, holders, etc., which may be used in combination to hold food. The unearthed objects of different categories in the Sanxingdui sacrificial pit have strong primitive religious significance. The common opinion in academia is that these are all used for some kind of sacrificial activity, but there is a great disagreement on whether the eight sacrificial pits discovered should be called sacrificial pits. Currently, most scholars believe that these burnt and buried objects are likely the result of wars or even the destruction of the country at that time. However, we believe that the excavation report's assessment of the sacrificial pit was correct. Firstly, the distribution, arrangement, and orientation of the 8 sacrificial pits, including the newly discovered pit, clearly have a certain direction and order. The shape of each pit is a regular rectangular vertical hole, which is clearly a planned construction behavior. Secondly, the categories of artifacts in each pit are very cohesive, with most pits containing similar types of bronze, jade, and ivory artifacts. A few pits, such as K5, specialize in burying gold artifacts and ivory carvings that may belong to the same artifact, and the burial process is quite meticulous. Again, the artifacts in each pit are arranged in an orderly manner, for example, the artifacts are mostly flat and layered, with ivory laid on the top layer. These artifacts are clearly not randomly discarded and stacked. All of these situations indicate that the eight sacrificial pits in Sanxingdui were not caused by wars or acts of national destruction, but rather by the careful and concentrated burial of sacrificial objects after the sacrificial activities. The act of smashing many objects in the pit, especially bronze ware being smashed or burned, is likely a ritual of destroying objects, similar to the Jinsha sacrificial site. This custom existed in tombs of the Central Plains culture during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, as well as in many other ancient cultures around the world. In addition, various sacrificial pits in Sanxingdui are also filled with ashes of plants and trees. The report "Sanxingdui Sacrificial Pit" describes that the second pit is filled with "about 3 cubic meters of burnt bone debris", indicating that sacrificial activities such as burning fires may be nearby. In summary, considering the relatively concentrated distribution of the 8 pits, it is speculated that the burial process of the artifacts was also completed under some kind of sacrificial ceremony, that is, the formation of these pits was still accompanied by sacrificial activities. Therefore, it is reasonable to position the nature of the Sanxingdui sacrificial pit as a sacrificial pit and call it a sacrificial pit. If it is speculated that the objects in the Sanxingdui sacrificial pit were all used for sacrificial activities, then there is reason to reconstruct the scene of Sanxingdui sacrificial based on these objects. The two cellars found on Zhuwa Street are both bronze ware, which are placed in two large pottery jars. These bronze vessels include bronze containers and weapons, and the same category of objects can be found in the sacrificial fields of Sanxingdui and Jinsha. It is speculated that these bronze wares on Zhuwa Street may not have entered the sacrificial activities but were stored in a centralized manner for the purpose of worship. The archaeological remains of Zhuwa Street, Jinsha, and Sanxingdui precisely outline the different stages of early sacrificial activities in the Chengdu Plain: Zhuwa Street represents the reserve status of sacrificial objects; Jinsha showcases scenes of open-air worship, including water worship, fire worship, pit worship, etc; Sanxingdui reflects the conclusion of sacrificial activities