According to a report by Science Daily on the 1st, a research team from the Paris Institute of Transplantation and Organ Regeneration in France and the Langone Transplantation Institute at New York University in the United States has used cutting-edge space molecular imaging technology to create the most detailed "molecular warfare map" of human immune cells responding to transplanted pig kidney tissue to date. This achievement was presented at the 22nd European Society for Transplantation Annual Meeting in London, UK in 2025. It not only revealed early key markers of rejection in xenotransplantation, but also pointed out potential intervention opportunities, marking a significant breakthrough in humanity's efforts to overcome the challenge of immune rejection in xenotransplantation. Research has shown that every filtering unit of transplanted pig kidneys is besieged by human immune cells. Researchers observed that signs of antibody mediated rejection could be detected on the 10th day, reaching their peak on the 33rd day. This discovery confirms previous knowledge that rejection reactions come aggressively but progress slowly. Through 61 days of dynamic tracking, the team successfully locked in the critical 'treatment time window'. Even more exciting is that targeted therapeutic interventions have shown significant results, successfully suppressing the momentum of immune attacks. The research team innovatively used bioinformatics "sieves" to accurately distinguish between human immune cells and pig derived tissue structures, achieving precise localization of immune infiltration patterns. The data shows that macrophages and myeloid cells have always played the role of the "main force", providing a clear direction for targeted therapy. The research team stated that by understanding specific immune interactions at the molecular level and accurately locating the gene expression and behavioral patterns of specific immune cells, precise anti rejection strategies can be developed to improve transplant survival rates. The latest achievements not only refresh human understanding of the mechanism of xenotransplantation rejection, but also provide a roadmap for optimizing gene edited pigs and developing new anti rejection drugs. As research deepens, the research team cautiously predicts that genetically modified pig kidneys are expected to enter clinical routine applications within ten years. But to obtain regulatory approval, its safety and effectiveness still need to be verified in different populations. This breakthrough brings humanity one step closer to solving the global organ shortage crisis. Currently, many patients face life-threatening situations due to a lack of suitable organ donors, and the successful development and application of gene edited pig kidneys have the potential to greatly alleviate this situation. Therefore, the deeper people's understanding of the immune rejection mechanism in xenotransplantation, the more they can truly solve the global organ shortage problem. The research in this article is actually an "analysis report" on the reasons for unsuccessful xenotransplantation. What is commendable is that this report identifies key intervention time windows, which provides a solid foundation for developing more effective anti rejection therapies and points out the direction of future research. (New Society)