An intelligent robot trained through surgical videos successfully completed a time-consuming cholecystectomy surgery without human assistance. This is the first time that the robot has operated on a patient model, and its performance is very stable. Even in common emergency situations in real medical environments, it has demonstrated professional abilities comparable to skilled human surgeons. On the 9th, the journal Science Robotics reported on this surgery led by Johns Hopkins University, which is regarded as a revolutionary progress in the field of surgical robotics, as robots have for the first time simultaneously possessed the high precision of mechanical systems and human like adaptability and understanding. Medical robotics expert Axel Krieg said, "This progress marks its transition from a robot that can only 'perform' specific tasks to an intelligent system that truly 'understands' surgical procedures. This is a key point that brings us closer to developing autonomous surgical systems that can work in chaotic and unpredictable real-world environments." As early as 2022, the team's intelligent organization autonomous robot STAR completed the first autonomous laparoscopic surgery on pigs. But at that time, the robot still needed to use specially labeled tissues to perform surgeries according to a predetermined plan in a highly controlled environment. This time, the performance of the new SRT-H system is more flexible and intelligent, able to adapt to individual anatomical structures in real time, make real-time decisions, and self adjust and correct when the operation is not as expected. It is built on the same machine learning architecture as ChatGPT, with interactivity that can recognize and respond to voice commands (such as "grab the head of the gallbladder") and correct feedback (such as "move the left arm slightly to the left"). Robots will continue to learn and optimize their own behavior from these interactions. Cholecystectomy is a very complex task that involves 17 steps, requiring robots to accurately identify bile ducts and arteries, accurately clamp, place clips, and cut relevant tissues. After training, the robot achieved a 100% success rate in practical operations. Although its operation time is slightly longer than that of human surgeons, the surgical results are comparable to those of professional doctors. In addition, the robot remains stable under various non-standard anatomical conditions, such as when the team changes the starting position or adds dyes that simulate blood to interfere with visual judgment, it can still successfully complete the task. The team stated that the robot has made a significant leap compared to the past, as it solves some fundamental challenges in deploying autonomous surgical robots in the real world. Previous surgical robots, such as STAR, actually relied heavily on specific environments and pre-set paths. But this time, the SRT-H robot has demonstrated for the first time its ability to autonomously perform fine surgery under complex and dynamic conditions - it is no longer "performing tasks", but "understanding surgery", which is an essential leap. Now, this robot can operate stably under non-standard anatomical conditions and sudden disturbances, laying the foundation for practical applications in clinical scenarios in the next step. I believe that soon SRT-H will alleviate the shortage of surgical resources and enhance medical service capabilities in remote or extreme environments. (New Society)