Recently, the French Head and Neck Tumor Radiotherapy Organization released the results of an international multicenter phase III clinical trial, which showed that the immune drug nivolumab can significantly reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence of head and neck cancer. The study included 680 high-risk patients for recurrence, and the results showed that adding the drug to routine postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy could increase the three-year disease-free survival rate to 63%, significantly better than the control group's 52%. The project leader, Professor Tao Yungan from the Gustav Roussie Cancer Center in France, pointed out that this is the first time since 2004 that postoperative immunotherapy has been used to improve the prognosis of head and neck cancer patients. Nivolumab activates the immune system to recognize and eliminate residual lesions by removing the "disguise" mechanism of cancer cells. Previously, the drug has been proven to prolong survival in late stage recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer. This study is an important breakthrough in the application of the drug in the postoperative stage. Immunotherapy has become a popular direction in cancer research in recent years. The principle of this therapy is to activate the human immune system, allowing its own immune cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, with a more significant effect on cancers with higher immune activity. It is reported that this therapy has made substantial progress in fields such as lung cancer, and combining it with conventional treatment before and after surgery can significantly reduce the risk of recurrence. Currently, immunotherapy still faces challenges such as limited drug options, high treatment costs, and management of side effects. In order to further improve the efficacy and expand the scope of application, research institutions in multiple countries are committed to developing new generation therapies including bispecific antibodies, personalized tumor vaccines, and genetically modified T cells, striving to push cancer treatment towards a more precise, efficient, and mild direction. (New Society)