Swimming and playing in the water, as well as mountain and water activities, are the joys of summer. However, at the same time, drowning accidents occur frequently during the summer, which is heartbreaking. According to data provided by the Ministry of Education, according to the World Health Organization, approximately 300000 people worldwide died from drowning in 2021, with children aged 5-14 accounting for 19%. According to the "China Cause of Death Surveillance Dataset 2021", the crude mortality rates of drowning among children aged 1-4 and 5-14 in China in 2021 were 3.69/100000 and 3.06/100000, respectively, accounting for 34.24% and 37.62% of injury deaths among children in this age group. Drowning is the leading cause of injury and death among children aged 1-14 in China. In order to reduce drowning accidents and avoid unfortunate incidents, multiple regions and departments have taken action to weave a dense anti drowning safety net. The Ministry of Education, together with the Ministry of Public Security, the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, the Women and Children's Working Committee of the State Council, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Water Resources and other departments, will strengthen collaborative linkage, guide localities to establish a joint conference system for safety protection in high-risk public areas at the provincial, municipal, and county levels, strengthen the territorial responsibilities of provinces, cities, counties, and townships, and the regulatory responsibilities of industry supervisory departments, effectively prevent and handle accidents involving drowning and other dangerous injuries. The Ministry of Education guides schools in various regions to focus on student groups such as left behind children in rural areas and those with abnormal family relationships, improve the care and service system, and ensure a safe and uninterrupted life during the school leaving period; And promote the implementation of the "Four Ones" construction in rural areas, including a warning sign, a lifebuoy, a lifeline, and a life pole. Town and village cadres, grid workers, volunteers, and other personnel should strengthen inspections and prevention and control. In prevention and control, technological means are widely used. Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Yunnan and other places have installed video surveillance and alarm systems in water areas that are popular among children and prone to accidents, using "AI technology+fast response mechanism" for 24-hour monitoring and prevention. Once there is any water related risk behavior, immediately sound a warning and notify the management personnel. The National Water Rescue Qingdao Brigade effectively ensures the safety of rescue operations through the cooperation of rescue boats, fire boats, helicopters, underwater robots, divers, drones, and surface rescue robots, as well as the assistance of three-dimensional panoramic plans for decision-making. Educational guidance is equally crucial. The Ministry of Education guides the widespread application of the "1530" safety education model in various regions, which means 1 minute before school ends every day, 5 minutes before school ends every week, and 30 minutes before holidays, to achieve normalized and long-term drowning prevention education. During weekends and holidays, students and parents are regularly reminded to enhance their safety awareness by sending text messages, WeChat prompts, and other means. At the same time, we will collaborate with the media to publish drowning prevention public service advertisements, shoot and produce drowning prevention themed films, short videos, animated comics, and posters, and promote drowning prevention and rescue knowledge in a way that students enjoy. These measures have achieved significant results: the number of drowning deaths among primary and secondary school students in 2023 decreased by 26% year-on-year, the number of drowning deaths among primary and secondary school students decreased by 9% year-on-year in 2024, and the number of drowning deaths among students in provinces and cities such as Jiangxi, Yunnan, Shandong, and Chongqing decreased by more than 35% year-on-year in 2024. Among them, the number of underage students drowning in Shandong Province in 2024 (16 people) decreased by 40.7% compared to the previous year (27 people), and 12 cities and 123 counties (cities, districts) achieved "zero drowning". What are the risk points when playing near different water bodies with different dangers such as moss, silt, and surges? What are the dangers in different water bodies? How to scientifically prevent drowning? How to scientifically rescue someone who is drowning? Our reporter interviewed experts in water rescue. Many drowning accidents occur in natural water bodies. Zhang Jianmin, the captain of the Wuhan Yangtze River Rescue Volunteer Team, introduced that it is difficult to judge the depth and temperature of many natural water bodies. Jumping into the water for swimming without authorization may cause muscle spasms, cramps, hypothermia, and other conditions. Different natural water bodies have different characteristics and risks. Rivers - Moss: Zhang Jianmin introduced that moss grows easily on the banks of rivers. When playing on the banks of rivers, if you don't pay attention to your feet, it's easy to slide into the water. The mossy river banks are very slippery, even if you can swim, it's not easy to climb ashore. Lakes and ponds - weeds, silt: The water surface of lakes and ponds looks relatively stable, but some ponds have weeds and a lot of silt at the bottom. If you are not very familiar with the water, jumping down to swim can easily get tangled in aquatic plants or get stuck in mud. Seaside - Surge, Offshore Current, Reef: Liu Hanlin, the captain of the National Water Rescue Qingdao Brigade, introduced that the danger of the sea is different. Its danger comes from constantly changing surges and astonishing offshore currents. When the wind and waves are strong, the force of the waves is like heavy objects falling down, which can knock people unconscious and roll them away. Some coastal reefs are densely covered, with slippery rocks or sharp oyster shells, making it difficult for drowning people to come ashore on their own and making rescue efforts challenging. Onshore priority, tool priority, team priority. Do not blindly rescue. "Not blindly rescue" is an iron law. 2. Try not to rescue with bare hands, prioritize onshore rescue, prioritize tools, and prioritize teamwork. Drowning victims often panic and instinctively grab onto anything they can. Rescuers may be held tightly by drowning victims, which may not only fail to save them, but also put themselves in danger. ”Zhang Jianmin reminds. Liu Hanlin reminds that "ordinary people without professional training are strictly prohibited from going into the water for rescue." If someone is found to have fallen into the water, they should immediately shout for help, call the rescue hotline, and search for the nearest lifebuoy, rope, or any floating object to throw to the trapped person, providing them with positive buoyancy and ensuring normal breathing. If it is necessary to carry out rescue with bare hands, the drowning person should be supported from behind by their armpit or held with one hand to the chest, and dragged ashore using anti breaststroke or side stroke. ”Zhang Jianmin said. 3. Do not rescue hand in hand. Even if there are many rescue personnel, do not go into the water hand in hand for rescue. If someone hands off, it may cause drowning for those who enter the water, resulting in more casualties. Clearing blockages in the mouth and nose, assisting in the recovery of breathing. After rescuing the drowning person, the rescuer can take the following measures. Clearing blockages in the mouth and nose: Let the drowning person face down, pry open their teeth, and use their fingers to remove debris from the mouth and nose. Pouring out the accumulated water in the respiratory tract: The rescuer half kneels and presses against the drowning person's abdomen, making the drowning person face down and patting their back. Artificial respiration: For drowning victims with weak breathing and heartbeat or just stopped heartbeat, rapid artificial respiration and chest compressions are performed simultaneously. Oxygen inhalation: If there are medical conditions on site, drowning victims can be injected with cardiac stimulants and oxygen inhalation. For those with insufficient conditions, use your hand or needle to puncture the average acupoints of drowning victims. Take off the jacket: If the drowning person is wearing a jacket, it should be taken off as soon as possible. The wet jacket will take away body heat and cause low-temperature injury. Looking up and inhaling during the gap between waves, when the waves come, close your breath. Drowning in the sea: "Quiet floating" is the key. Liu Hanlin introduced that if you are drowning in the sea, "quiet floating" is the key to saving your life. 1. Hold your breath, relax your whole body, and try floating on your back. The human body itself is subject to a certain amount of buoyancy, and the mouth and nose can be exposed to the water surface to inhale. 2. Observe the environment, breathe rhythmically, only look up and inhale between wave peaks, and close your breath when waves come. If you feel strongly dragged towards the open sea, it is likely an offshore current. Do not struggle back to shore against the current. The correct approach is to follow the direction of the offshore current, swim parallel to the coastline, first break free from the control range of this "dangerous water flow", and then seek opportunities to return to the shore. Liu Hanlin reminds that when going to the beach for summer vacation, it is necessary to choose a regular beach with professional lifeguards. In the bathhouse, pay attention to the warning signs and listen to the safety broadcast prompts. If you feel abnormal water flow in the water or experience physical exhaustion, immediately call for help loudly and do not try to hold onto a lucky mentality and force yourself. It is strictly prohibited to blindly enter the water without being familiar with the water conditions. Attention should be paid to tidal changes, and minors must be accompanied by a guardian before entering the water. Minors should remember the "Six Nos" and parents should have the "Four Knows" to refuse to swim in the wild and prevent drowning. The first line of defense is to fundamentally eliminate "wild swimming". Swimming and playing in the water should be done in formal places such as swimming pools and beaches that are managed by people and have lifeguards. Minors should remember the "six no's" principle of drowning prevention, and adults can also refer to learning 1: Do not swim in the water without authorization. Do not swim with others without authorization. Do not swim without the guidance of parents or teachers. Swimming in water areas without safety facilities or rescue personnel. Swimming in less than 5 unfamiliar waters. 6. Do not blindly rescue. To ensure the safety of minors, parents should have the "Four Knows" and know where their children are going. Know your companions - know who your child is going with. 3 Knowledge Content - Know what the child is going to do. 4. Know when to return - know when the child will return. (New Society)