The scorching sun in July swept across the country with a heatwave. In hot weather, people in many places have been diagnosed with heatstroke, which can even endanger their lives. What is the difference between heat stroke and heatstroke? How to prevent and deal with it? For this purpose, the reporter interviewed Shen Yang, Deputy Chief Physician of the Hematology and Oncology Department of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shen Yang introduced that heatstroke is a gradual process, which can be divided into premonitory heatstroke, mild heatstroke, and severe heatstroke. Patients at different stages have different symptoms. Threatened heatstroke and mild heatstroke can cause significant discomfort to the body, such as thirst, excessive sweating, fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, headache, and flushing. After timely on-site rescue, normal recovery can be achieved. Severe heatstroke can cause symptoms such as high fever, spasms, convulsions, shock, and coma. Severe heatstroke can be divided into febrile seizures and heat exhaustion according to different manifestations, with the most severe being heat stroke. High fever, lack of sweating, and coma are the three typical symptoms of heat stroke. ”Shen Yang said that when the disease first occurs, patients will sweat a lot, then gradually lose sweat, and then their body temperature will rapidly rise, reaching as high as 40 ℃ to 42 ℃, or even higher. When the core temperature of the human body continues to exceed 40 ℃, there may be coma, shock, liver failure, myocardial damage, respiratory failure, etc. If left untreated, irreversible organ damage or even death may occur. Shen Yang emphasized that it may only take a few hours for mild heatstroke to develop into fatal heat stroke. Therefore, the key to prevention and treatment lies in "early detection, early cooling, and early medical treatment". The cooling rate is closely related to the prognosis of heat stroke. The longer the duration of high body temperature, the more severe the tissue damage, and the worse the prognosis. Once someone is suspected of having heatstroke, emergency measures should be taken immediately and the patient should be quickly transferred to a well ventilated and cool place; Unfasten clothing and place ice packs, ice cubes, frozen drinks, and other items on the forehead, temples, neck, groin, and other areas of the heatstroke victim to dissipate blood heat. Use gauze or thin clothing to wrap the ice pack to prevent frostbite; After on-site emergency treatment, promptly send the patient to the hospital and continuously help the patient cool down during the transportation, helping the patient's body temperature drop below 39 ℃ as quickly as possible. How to effectively avoid heatstroke and heat stroke? Shen Yang suggests paying attention to weather forecasts, understanding extreme heat warnings, reducing exposure to high temperatures, and doing a good job in sun protection and cooling; Scientifically replenish water by supplementing with electrolyte containing sports drinks or oral rehydration salts during heavy sweating; When experiencing discomfort symptoms such as dizziness and palpitations in a high-temperature environment, it is necessary to rest in a cool place in a timely manner; People at high risk of heatstroke, such as infants and young children, elderly people over 65 years old, frail and sickly individuals, obese individuals, and long-term high-intensity physical laborers, should pay special attention to heatstroke prevention. (New Society)