After a summer of hard training, will a little muscle that is finally visible become instantly fat with the cessation of exercise? The more muscles grow, the more fat accumulates? This concern is a bit unnecessary, as muscle and fat are two separate substances that cannot be converted into each other. The latest issue of the "Science" rumor list has been released, covering all the popular health rumors recently. Come and see if you have been fooled? The monthly "science" rumor list is jointly released by the Beijing Association of Science and Technology, the Beijing Municipal Committee Cyberspace Office and the Capital Internet Association, and the Beijing Association of Science and Technology Journalists and Editors, and the Beijing regional website platform. The rumor that seedless watermelon has been intervened with hormones is true. Seedless watermelon is suspected of using "technology and brute force" because it is too convenient for people to eat melons, but it is not. Seedless watermelon usually refers to triploid seedless watermelon, which is bred by crossing tetraploid watermelon (female parent) and diploid watermelon (male parent). Among them, tetraploid watermelon is formed by doubling the chromosomes of ordinary diploid watermelon treated with colchicine (not hormones). Such triploid watermelons cannot pair chromosomes during meiosis like normal watermelons, and therefore cannot form complete seeds, resulting in almost seedless fruits. From the above steps, it can be seen that this is the result of polyploid breeding, not the so-called "hormone killing". In actual production, in order to ensure the smooth fruiting of seedless watermelons, plant growth regulators (such as gibberellins and chlorpropiramine) are sometimes used to assist in fruit development. But these regulators are different from animal hormones, and their usage and scope are also strictly regulated. They do not alter the essential characteristics of seedless watermelons, nor do they pose health risks of "hormone residues". The nutritional composition of seedless watermelon is not significantly different from that of ordinary watermelon, and products grown and sold through formal channels fully comply with food safety standards. Rumors spread that breastfeeding mothers cannot take medication due to illness. Many breastfeeding mothers are worried that there may be drug residues in their breast milk after taking medication, which may affect their baby's health. Breastfeeding mothers should not blindly take medication, but the vast majority of medications are still relatively safe. If a mother does not take medication when she is sick, it will worsen the condition and be even more detrimental to the baby's health. Breastfeeding mothers can first consult the lactation drug safety evaluation system before taking medication, where the risk level of drug lactation is divided into L1-L5. The medication for L1-L2 does not significantly affect breastfeeding and can be safely taken. However, L3-L5 drugs require caution and must be taken according to medical advice. Nowadays, major tertiary hospitals have online consultations and professional pharmacists can be consulted. If the condition is severe, it is necessary to go to the hospital for treatment and inform the attending physician that you are currently breastfeeding. At the same time, ask if breastfeeding needs to be suspended during the medication period. Rumor: After giving up fitness, muscles become fat. The truth is that people with fitness habits will gradually turn their muscles into fat if they stop training? Actually, it's not like that. Muscle and fat are both essential components and important energy substances in the body, but they are two different substances in the body. Muscle tissue is composed of muscle fibers, mainly containing proteins, water, and inorganic salts; Adipose tissue is mainly composed of adipocytes and is an important energy storage substance. Muscle and fat are completely different in terms of cellular structure, function, and metabolic pathways, and cannot be converted into each other. After stopping exercise, the surface appears to have decreased muscle volume and increased fat volume. The reason behind this is that after stopping exercise, muscle fibers gradually shrink due to a lack of stimulation. This means that muscle fibers become thinner and smaller, muscle mass decreases, and strength decreases, but muscle fibers themselves do not turn into fat cells. At the same time, after stopping exercise, the body's energy consumption decreases. If the energy intake in the diet does not correspondingly decrease, the excess energy will be stored in the form of fat, which is essentially the accumulation of fat caused by energy surplus, rather than muscles "staying put" and becoming fat. Rumor has it that diarrhea can clear the intestines and requires fasting. Some people believe that diarrhea can eliminate infected pathogens from the body and has a cleansing effect, so they can temporarily avoid eating during diarrhea. This statement is not entirely accurate. When experiencing diarrhea, only scientific dietary management can be more beneficial for our body's recovery. When suffering from intestinal infectious diseases, symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, etc. may occur, which means that our intestines are "fighting" against pathogens. So, diarrhea is indeed a self-protection mechanism for the body to clear pathogens and toxins. However, complete fasting during diarrhea is not advisable. This is because while the body excretes pathogens through diarrhea, it also loses a large amount of water and electrolytes; If fasting completely at this time, it can easily lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. For the elderly, children, and some frail and sickly individuals, it can cause severe dehydration, hypokalemia, arrhythmia, and other problems. Therefore, when diarrhea occurs, it is necessary to replenish water in a timely and appropriate manner, drink functional drinks containing electrolytes, and also consume relatively light and easily digestible foods according to the severity of the condition. However, it should be noted that foods that are too raw, too cold, stimulating, spicy, cause bloating, or greasy should not be consumed. The rumor that skipping dinner can lead to faster weight loss is actually an illusion. Skipping dinner may lead to short-term weight loss, but this is mainly due to reduced hydration and muscle mass, rather than fat. In the long run, skipping dinner can slow down metabolism, increase fat reserves in the body to store energy, and make it easier to gain weight. In addition, skipping dinner may also lead to malnutrition, energy deficiency, and emotional fluctuations. The healthy way to lose weight is to control your mouth and spread your legs. Keeping your mouth shut is about controlling total calorie intake, choosing a low calorie, high nutrient dinner such as vegetables, lean meat, and whole grains, and maintaining a regular three meal diet. Legging is achieved through regular and moderate exercise to increase calorie expenditure. It is recommended to schedule dinner 2-3 hours before bedtime to avoid eating too late and affecting digestion and sleep quality. At the same time, scientific weight loss not only depends on the intake of each meal, but also on the nutritional balance throughout the day and long-term lifestyle habits. Rumor: Dry goods have no shelf life. Truth: Dry goods do not contain moisture and have no shelf life. Can they be stored for a long time? The fact is not so, there is also moisture in dry goods. The moisture content in dried nuts is generally below 10%, while that in fungus, Tremella fuciformis, seaweed, etc. ranges from 10% to 20%. The moisture content in sausages, sausages, etc. is around 30%, and there is a possibility of spoilage under certain temperature and suitable conditions. Not only that, dry goods may also contain bacteria, insect eggs, etc., and long-term storage may also cause mold or insect infestation. So, even dry goods need to be consumed in a timely manner to avoid long-term storage. The public often holds some misconceptions about the "shelf life". For example, according to the General Rules for Labeling Prepackaged Food in China, the concept of shelf life is the period during which pre packaged food maintains its quality under the storage conditions specified on the label. Therefore, only pre packaged foods have a shelf life, while non packaged foods do not have this label. This has led many people to overlook the shelf life of bulk non packaged food when purchasing it, and even believe that certain categories can be stored for a long time according to their own concept. Meanwhile, the shelf life only applies to unopened food. Once the food is opened, it is no longer a pre packaged food under the specified storage conditions, and the shelf life no longer affects it. So, some long-term food products may quickly spoil as long as they are unsealed. In addition, food generally has storage requirements. If it does not meet the storage requirements, or if it is purchased in bulk, whether or not it will spoil and when it will spoil cannot be simply judged by the shelf life. The rumor that "mouse hand" does not require treatment is true. "Mouse hand" is a common name for carpal tunnel syndrome. Some people think that this is just a kind of strain and does not require treatment. Massaging a few times when feeling uncomfortable is enough. This is actually a misconception that if the 'mouse hand' develops to a late stage, it can cause irreversible damage to the nerves. The essence of carpal tunnel syndrome, also known as' mouse hand ', is an increase in pressure within the carpal tunnel, which compresses nerves. There is a bony fibrous canal on the palmar side of the human wrist, called the carpal tunnel. Long term repeated wrist movements and other reasons can occupy the space of the carpal tunnel, causing an increase in pressure inside the tunnel, compression of the median nerve, and a series of symptoms such as finger pain, numbness, and weakness. In severe cases, it can lead to muscle atrophy or even disability. Experts suggest that in the early stages of "mouse hand" symptoms, such as mild numbness that does not last long and has a low frequency of attacks, stretching, wrist hot compress, physical therapy, or oral anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory drugs can be used for treatment. If the progress is rapid and there is even muscle atrophy or weakness in the hands, it is necessary to go to the hospital for treatment. If the damage is severe, surgical treatment may also be necessary. So, how can we avoid or delay the occurrence of 'mouse hand'? Experts remind us to pay attention to the correct posture when using a mouse: keep the wrist straight, bend the elbow 90 degrees, and use the upper arm to move the mouse; Adhere to the "20+20 rule": After continuously operating the mouse for 20 minutes, let the wrist rest for 20 seconds; Get up and move for 3 minutes every hour. Rumor: Eggs need to be cleaned before storage. The truth is that some people are used to cleaning the eggs they buy at home before storage, thinking that if the eggshells are not cleaned, bacteria will grow during storage. Little did they know, such operations could easily lead to bacterial invasion inside the eggs. Normally, eggs bought at home do not need to be cleaned. If there is obvious fecal contamination on the surface of the eggs, they can be packaged in a fresh-keeping bag and refrigerated, or they can be picked out and cleaned before being consumed in a short period of time. Mother hens share the same cloacal cavity for egg laying and excretion, which makes the eggshells susceptible to contamination by feces and other pollutants, making them susceptible to carrying pathogenic bacteria. The gelatinous layer (outer shell) on the surface of the eggshell acts as a natural protective film, which can block bacteria from entering the egg through the eggshell pores. If you clean the eggs, it will damage this protective film, making it easier for bacteria to enter the inside of the eggs and cause them to spoil. Therefore, not cleaning eggs is more conducive to their long-term preservation. The clean eggshells sold in supermarkets are mostly cleaned, but the water temperature is strictly controlled during cleaning to avoid damaging the surface membrane. After cleaning, it will be immediately dried and sprayed with a layer of mineral oil to replace the surface film that may be washed off, reducing the chance of microorganisms entering the egg. It is difficult for ordinary households to achieve the above cleaning and spray protection, so it is not recommended to clean to avoid accelerating egg spoilage and increasing food safety risks. Rumor: Drinking diluted salt water can prevent heatstroke. Truth: Can drinking diluted salt water really prevent heatstroke? This statement is not accurate enough. For ordinary office workers and home residents, plain water is the best heatstroke prevention drink, there is no need to deliberately drink diluted salt water. The primary task in preventing heatstroke is to replenish water adequately, not salt. Regardless of the amount of exercise, one should take the initiative to drink water in small amounts multiple times, and not wait until thirsty before drinking. In high temperature environments, it is recommended to replenish 500-1000 milliliters of water per hour. The water temperature should not be too high to avoid affecting absorption. For ordinary people, the salt intake in their daily diet often exceeds the standard. If drinking additional diluted salt water, it will further increase the burden on the body and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. But if one engages in prolonged physical labor or intense exercise at high temperatures,