In the battle against the "cancer king" grade tumor - high-grade glioma, radiation therapy has gained precise "navigation". A multidisciplinary collaboration team consisting of Professor Li Guanghui from the Oncology Department of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, and Professor Lv Shengqing from the Neurosurgery Department has recently released a high-level exploratory clinical study on glioma in the international medical journal "Journal of the American Medical Association Online Open". This exploratory study, titled "Improved Target Area Mapping Combined with Medium Segmentation Radiotherapy for High Grade Gliomas," has achieved a win-win goal of "more precise tumor targeting and better brain tissue protection" through precise positioning for the first time, bringing new hope for reducing the normal brain tissue irradiation volume of patients and protecting neurological function. According to the corresponding authors of the paper, Lv Shengqing and Li Guanghui, high-grade glioblastoma is a common malignant primary brain tumor, with the highest incidence of nerve damage among all cancers, and is known as the "ghost killer of the nervous system". Its clinical harm is significant, with over half of patients experiencing cognitive impairments such as memory loss and confusion. The annual incidence rate of brain glioma in China is 5/100000-8/100000, and the 5-year mortality rate is only second to pancreatic cancer and lung cancer in general tumors. The traditional treatment method for high-grade gliomas is based on surgical resection within the maximum safe range, supplemented by synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy after surgery; After the completion of synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy, temozolomide chemotherapy can be administered, and if necessary, combined with electric field therapy. Although there has been some progress in the study of the biological characteristics of gliomas, these achievements have not yet been translated into practical benefits and have not significantly improved the treatment efficacy and prognosis of patients. At present, there is still no consensus on the optimal target volume and dose segmentation scheme for advanced glioma radiotherapy. Previous studies have shown that the majority of glioma recurrences occur within a 2cm radius of the tumor edge. Currently, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), and major clinical guidelines in China define the radiation target area as being centered around the tumor area and irradiated within a 2cm radius around the lesion. This "one size fits all" expansion method does not accurately fit the unique spread and diffusion path of glioblastoma, and may be difficult to fully cover the cancer cell diffusion area. The spread of gliomas is quite unique, as they do not uniformly permeate around like water droplets, but rather tend to "follow a predetermined path" - mainly spreading along the white matter tracts inside the brain, just like plant roots growing along soil crevices, which poses a challenge to precise tumor control. In response to this, a multidisciplinary collaborative team for the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma has carried out joint research and development. The first author of the paper, Associate Professor Zhong Liangzhi from the Oncology Department of Xinqiao Hospital, introduced that the team used diffusion imaging, three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, and nerve fiber bundle navigation to determine the target area of radiotherapy based on the characteristics of glioma cell growth and metastasis. With the help of these technologies, doctors can not only accurately identify the extent of tumor cell infiltration, but also better protect important brain functional areas such as language and movement in patients, just like installing a "precision intelligent navigation system" on radiotherapy equipment to achieve precise targeting of tumors. Compared to traditional methods, this method has a more precise irradiation range, and half of the patients who receive precision radiotherapy have a longer survival period, without an increased risk of tumor recurrence. International experts pointed out in the journal's peer review that the overall prognosis of patients with high-grade gliomas is poor, and it is crucial to strike a delicate balance between reducing treatment toxicity and improving tumor control rates. The above research provides an innovative paradigm based on neuroanatomy to pursue a balance between tumor control and functional protection, that is, to maximize tumor control while protecting normal brain tissue as much as possible to maintain patients' quality of life. Li Guanghui introduced that this prospective study included 154 patients, and the team is collaborating with several top hospitals in China to promote larger scale clinical trials. (New Society)