During the Spring Festival holiday in February, there will be a significant increase in personnel flow and gathering, as well as domestic and outbound tourism. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention warm tip: during the Spring Festival holiday in February, we need to do a good job in cold prevention and warmth preservation, and we need to pay attention to other acute respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, human infection with avian influenza, norovirus gastroenteritis, foodborne diseases and carbon monoxide poisoning; Outbound travel should pay attention to the risk of mosquito borne infectious diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya fever, Zika virus disease, and Nipah virus disease in the destination. 1、 The winter and spring seasons of other acute respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza are the high incidence seasons of acute respiratory infectious diseases in China. During the Spring Festival, the number of people gathered increased, increasing the risk of transmission. Recent monitoring shows that the main pathogens causing acute respiratory infections are influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc. Currently, respiratory infectious diseases in China are showing an overall downward trend and are still in the epidemic season. Main suggestion: 1. Maintain good hygiene habits, cover your mouth and nose with tissues, towels, etc. when coughing or sneezing; Wash your hands frequently and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with your hands; Balanced diet, moderate exercise, adequate rest, etc. Try to avoid contact with patients with flu like symptoms. If contact is necessary, maintain a distance of at least 1 meter and wear a mask. When experiencing respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, etc., try to avoid going to crowded places as much as possible. During medical treatment and travel (such as by train, plane, etc.), wear masks scientifically throughout the entire journey. 3. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. It is recommended that the appropriate age group without contraindications complete influenza vaccination, especially key populations such as pregnant women, young children, the elderly, and patients with chronic underlying diseases. According to the applicable conditions for vaccination, other respiratory infectious disease related vaccines can be selected for vaccination. 2、 Human infection with avian influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by accidental infection of humans with avian influenza virus. The main symptoms include fever, accompanied by cough, headache, muscle soreness, etc. Severe cases may present with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure. The main source of infection is infected poultry and animals. People are mainly infected through contact with infected poultry, other animals or their secretions, excreta, or contact with environments or items contaminated with viruses. Main suggestion: 1. Avoid direct contact with poultry and other animals. If contact is necessary, personal protection and hand hygiene should be taken. 2. Maintain good eating habits, follow the principle of "separating raw and cooked, thoroughly cooking", and use separate knives, cutting boards, containers, etc. for handling raw poultry meat and eggs to avoid cross contamination; Poultry meat and eggs should be thoroughly cooked before consumption; Purchase chilled or frozen poultry meat that has passed inspection and quarantine, and avoid self slaughtering live poultry. If there is a history of contact with poultry within 7 days, or if you have been to a live poultry market and experience discomfort such as fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible and proactively inform the doctor of the suspected contact history. 3、 Norovirus gastroenteritis is mainly transmitted through ingestion of virus-infected food or water, contact with patients or their contaminated items, the environment, or inhalation of aerosols produced when patients vomit. The population is generally susceptible to Norovirus, and due to the lack of cross protection between different genetic groups, there may be multiple infections with Norovirus. The common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The main symptoms in adults are mostly diarrhea, and the main symptoms in children are mostly vomiting. The disease can occur all year round, and the period from October to March of the following year is the peak season for Norovirus infection. During the Spring Festival, there is frequent family gatherings and close contact with relatives and friends, which may lead to transmission due to improper handling of ingredients at banquets or close contact between relatives and friends. Main suggestion: 1. Pay attention to hand hygiene. Wash hands frequently, especially before meals, after using the restroom, and before processing food. 2. Pay attention to the hygiene of diet and drinking water. Do not drink raw water, thoroughly wash vegetables, fruits and vegetables, and cook food thoroughly, especially oysters and other shellfish and seafood. 3. Pay attention to disinfection. If there is vomit from relatives or friends during a meal, chlorine containing disinfectants should be used to treat it. Surfaces contaminated with vomit or feces from the patient should be promptly cleaned and disinfected with chlorine containing disinfectants or other effective disinfectants, and contaminated clothing or bed sheets should be immediately replaced and cleaned; Disposable gloves should be worn during handling, and hands should be washed carefully after cleaning. 4. When collective units such as families, restaurants, and nursing homes discover clustered cases, they should promptly report to the local disease control department and cooperate with epidemic investigation and disposal to avoid the spread of the epidemic. 4、 Foodborne diseases are infectious, toxic, and other illnesses caused by the ingestion of pathogenic factors in food. During the Spring Festival, there is an increase in opportunities for food procurement, family gatherings, gatherings with friends and family, and dining out, resulting in a corresponding increase in the risk of foodborne diseases. Microbial induced foodborne diseases are the most common, often caused by pathogenic bacteria contaminating food or cross contamination between raw and cooked food. Main suggestion: 1. Pay attention to washing hands frequently, especially before meals, after defecation, and before processing food. 2. Choose fresh and safe food ingredients, and pay attention to separating raw and cooked during processing. When dining out, pay attention to choosing a standardized and hygienic catering unit. 4. Do not eat food that is not fully cooked, fruits and vegetables that are not clean, food of unknown origin, wild mushrooms and plants that are not picked and eaten, and Tonic Diet and medicinal wine that are self-made or of unknown origin that are not eaten at will, in order to avoid poisoning caused by soaking wine such as aconite (aconite) and broussonetia. 5. It is best not to store cooked food at room temperature for more than 2 hours, and any remaining food should be promptly placed in the refrigerator; The remaining food stored in the refrigerator should not be consumed directly and should be fully heated before consumption. 5、 Carbon monoxide poisoning is most common from November to March of the following year. During the Spring Festival, some families gather at home and use coal stoves or charcoal stoves for heating, or eat hot pot or barbecue in enclosed spaces, which can easily lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. Common symptoms after poisoning include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, etc. Severe cases may be life-threatening. Main suggestion: 1. If possible, choose centralized heating as much as possible. If coal stoves, charcoal stoves, or other methods are used for indoor heating, the coal should be burned out and not covered. Doors and windows should be opened frequently for ventilation, especially when cooking tea or using gas water heaters to take a shower, attention should be paid to ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh; Carbon monoxide detectors can be installed indoors and regularly inspected and maintained. 2. Choose gas and gas water heaters produced by legitimate manufacturers, install them by professional personnel, and use them after passing the inspection; Maintain ventilation during use and turn off after use; Regular maintenance and timely replacement if any problems are found. 3. Restaurants that provide open flame barbecue or hot pot services should ensure ventilation and avoid dining in enclosed rooms or other environments for extended periods of time. 4. When parking a fuel powered car in a garage or basement, do not let the car engine run continuously; When a gasoline car is parked, do not leave the air conditioning on for a long time, and do not sleep in a car with doors and windows closed and the air conditioning on. Regularly inspect the exhaust system of fuel vehicles to prevent carbon monoxide leakage from the exhaust system. 6、 Dengue fever, chikungunya fever, Zika virus disease and other mosquito borne infectious diseases such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus may be infected by mosquito bites. During the Spring Festival holiday, when traveling to tropical and subtropical regions, it is important to take measures to prevent mosquito bites. Main suggestion: 1. Avoid mosquito bites. When living or traveling to areas with Aedes mosquitoes, mosquito repellent and electric mosquito repellent should be used in the living and working areas, and screen doors, screen windows, and mosquito nets should be installed to prevent mosquitoes. When going to parks, green belts and other places, one should wear long sleeved clothes and pants, and apply mosquito repellent on exposed skin and clothing. Try to avoid staying in dark and humid outdoor areas such as grass and tree shade for a long time. 2. If there is any discomfort after returning to China, seek medical attention promptly and inform of travel history. After returning to China, closely monitor your own health condition. If you experience symptoms such as fever, rash, joint and muscle pain, seek medical attention promptly and provide a detailed explanation of your recent travel history and mosquito bite history to the doctor. 7、 Nipah virus disease is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Nipah virus. Currently, it is believed that fruit bats in the family Pterodactylidae are the natural hosts of Nipah virus. Pigs and other domesticated animals (such as horses, goats, sheep, cats, and dogs) can be infected with Nipah virus and become contagious after infection. Human infection is mainly caused by direct contact with virus-infected animals (such as bats, pigs, horses, etc.) or their bodily fluids (such as blood, urine, saliva, etc.), and consumption of virus-infected food (such as fruits contaminated with fruit bats). The transmission between people is mainly through close contact with infected patients or their bodily fluids (including nasopharyngeal secretions, urine, or blood, etc.), and the main places of occurrence are the families of the cases and medical institutions. Before traveling, it is necessary to pay attention to the epidemic information reported by the World Health Organization and relevant countries, and take risk prevention measures. Main recommendation: 1. Avoid contact with bats and animals during outbound travel, avoid consuming food that may be contaminated, and do not come into contact with suspected patients. 2. Do not travel to areas with ongoing Nipah virus outbreaks unless necessary. When experiencing symptoms such as fever and headache during or after travel, one should immediately seek medical attention at a medical institution and proactively inform the doctor of any suspected contact history. (New Society)