During holidays, family and friends often gather together and have a drink to cheer up. It has become widely accepted health knowledge that alcohol should not be consumed during the period of taking cephalosporin drugs. So, how long after stopping the medication can alcohol be consumed? Recently, there has been a rumor circulating on the internet that after stopping medication for three days or 72 hours, it enters the "safe period". Experts urgently refute this rumor, which is a fatal misconception. The latest issue of the "Science" Rumor List has been released, sweeping away all the popular health rumors recently and coming to "lightning protection" quickly. The monthly "science" rumor list is jointly released by the Beijing Association of Science and Technology, the Beijing Municipal Committee Cyberspace Office and the Capital Internet Association, and the Beijing Association of Science and Technology Journalists and Editors, and the Beijing regional website platform. Rumors suggest that wearing synthetic clothing can cause microplastics to invade the bloodstream. The truth is that wearing polyester fiber fabric can cause microplastics to enter the bloodstream through the skin, as polyester fibers are made from plastic bottles. This concern is indeed overthinking. The mainstream view and evidence in the scientific community indicate that the likelihood of microplastics entering the bloodstream is extremely low when wearing polyester fibers normally. At present, there are two main sources of polyester fiber fabrics on the market. One is directly produced from petrochemical raw materials, known as "primary polyester". The second method is to use waste plastic bottles and other materials (mainly PET) for production, known as "recycled polyester", "environmentally friendly polyester" or "rPET". Its strength, durability, and feel are almost identical to those of virgin polyester. This technology has a history of several decades, with stable processes, mature technology, and important environmental value. Textiles made from synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers will not release microplastics during their service life. Polyester fiber has good aging resistance. After exceeding its service life, as long as the clothes are intact and the fibers are not broken, there will generally be no release of microplastics. Even if the skin comes into contact with microplastics, it will hardly penetrate into the human body because healthy and intact skin is the first barrier of the human body, with strong defense functions that can effectively block the transdermal absorption of microplastics. The rumor that drinking alcohol can be done after taking cephalosporin and stopping the medication for three days is not scientific. The truth is that the "safe period" is entered 72 hours after stopping the medication for three days. More precisely, this is a fatal misconception. The clearance of cephalosporin drugs in the body does not stop instantly like turning off a faucet. Its metabolic cycle varies from person to person and is influenced by various factors such as drug type, dosage, treatment duration, and personal liver and kidney function status. Some cephalosporin drugs (especially those containing the "methimazole side chain" structure, such as cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, etc.) and their metabolites can inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase in the liver for a long time. And aldehyde dehydrogenase is the key to alcohol (ethanol) metabolism. Under normal circumstances, ethanol is first converted to acetaldehyde, and then rapidly converted to harmless acetic acid by this enzyme. Once the enzyme is inhibited, acetaldehyde will accumulate in large quantities in the body, causing a toxic reaction, which is called the "disulfiram reaction". The safety advice given by experts is that during the use of cephalosporin drugs (including intravenous and oral) and for at least seven days after discontinuation, one should strictly avoid drinking alcohol or consuming any alcoholic products (including alcoholic chocolate, drunken shrimp, Huoxiang Zhengqi water, etc.). For patients with liver and kidney dysfunction or elderly people, this "warning period" may need to be extended to 10 days or even longer. The rumor is that cherries contain melatonin, which can help with sleep. The truth is that melatonin is a hormone naturally secreted by the pineal gland in the human brain. Its secretion usually increases at night, sending a signal to the body that "it's time to fall asleep" and regulating biological rhythms. Botany experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences said that Cherry does contain a certain amount of melatonin, but the content is extremely low. The melatonin content in every 100 grams of cherries is only 1.5-1.8 micrograms. Generally speaking, the therapeutic dose of melatonin for adults is 0.5-10 milligrams, and 1 milligrams is equivalent to 1000 micrograms. Therefore, in order to achieve this therapeutic dose by consuming cherries, it is almost impossible to consume tons of cherries in reality. In addition, even melatonin related products with considerable content are only "rhythm regulators" and usually only have a certain effect on insomnia caused by rhythm disorders (such as jet lag, night shift work, etc.). Melatonin cannot solve all types of insomnia, and the extremely limited content of melatonin in cherries is even more difficult to work. Rumors suggest that the appearance of mosquitoes after snow is the truth behind a new cold resistant species. Recently, after the snow in Beijing, some netizens captured a strange scene - mosquitoes crawling on the snow. In fact, they are not "new species", but "old residents" of the northern winter. From the appearance characteristics and the distribution and habits of cold resistant mosquitoes, it is highly likely that they are Culex mosquitoes. This mosquito conforms to the appearance characteristics of the Culex genus - its body is light brown, there is no white ring on its beak, and there are no obvious white rings on its feet. Light colored Culex is a common overwintering mosquito in northern China during winter, often hiding in warm and humid corners. When the temperature rises, it will briefly move and often appears in warm areas around snow. At the same time, there is also activity of Culex mosquitoes in the Beijing area. They have strong cold resistance and can survive in underground constant temperature environments (sewers, basements) in winter. They can even lay eggs without sucking blood and are the most common "off-season mosquitoes" in urban winter. In fact, seeing mosquitoes on snow in winter is mainly the result of climate warming, urban heat island effect, and the strong cold resistance and adaptability of specific mosquito species. When warm weather occurs in winter, overwintering adult mosquitoes that were originally hiding indoors or underground will be "awakened" and misjudge the season, and go out for activities. But due to the overall low temperature outside, their bodies are stiff and difficult to fly, so they can only struggle and crawl on the snow surface. Winter snow mosquitoes are an occasional phenomenon in specific environments and usually do not pose a threat. Proper indoor environment cleaning can effectively control them. Rumors spread that subway security cameras emit excessive radiation, and the truth is that pregnant women entering the subway should try to avoid security cameras as much as possible, as their radiation can cause fetal deformities. This is a common misconception. There are two types of radiation: one is non ionizing radiation, such as computers, mobile phones, televisions, and microwave ovens Wifi、 Radio, oven, etc. are all non ionizing radiation. This type of radiation typically has a frequency between several hundred megahertz and several thousand megahertz, with energy much lower than visible light, and is usually within safety standards; Another type is ionizing radiation, such as X-rays, CT scans, etc., which has high enough energy to ionize atoms and molecules and has biological destructive properties. The door frame security check device that passengers pass through is essentially a metal detector. Its working principle is to use low-frequency, weak intensity alternating magnetic fields for electromagnetic induction, with extremely low energy, belonging to non ionizing radiation, and will not have adverse effects on human tissues or fetal development. At the same time, the channel type security screening machine through which the luggage passes uses low-dose X-rays to scan the inside of the luggage, which belongs to ionizing radiation. But its radiation source is strictly enclosed inside the body with lead shielding and equipped with protective structures such as lead curtains. Even standing next to the security check machine, the actual radiation dose received by the human body is negligible. In short, under normal use and standardized management, it is safe for everyone, including pregnant women, to pass through the security checkpoint. It should be noted that do not lift or reach inside the lead curtain when luggage passes through. The statement that people with poor ability to digest rumors should not eat black fungus is a misunderstanding. Auricularia auricula is a healthy food ingredient rich in dietary fiber. Moderate consumption not only does not increase digestion burden, but may also help improve digestion to some extent. The dietary fiber content of dried fungus does appear to be very high, at 29.9 grams per 100 grams, but we do not directly consume dried fungus. We must soak it well before eating. The dietary fiber content of soaked water soaked black fungus will significantly decrease to only 2.6 grams per 100 grams, which is similar to celery leaves, chestnut flour pumpkin, sweet potato leaves, etc., and is not particularly high among vegetables. So, as long as it is handled correctly and consumed in moderation, even people with poor digestive function can cook and consume water soaked fungus as ordinary vegetables. The key is to chew carefully and grind the food into smaller particles to better contact with digestive fluids, which can reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. The rumor is that losing hair while showering can lead to baldness. The truth is that many people are worried that losing hair while showering can lead to baldness in the long run. In fact, healthy people lose 50 to 100 strands of hair per day, and as long as the daily hair loss does not exceed 100 strands, it is within the normal range of physiological hair loss. Although hair falls out every day, new hair also grows out. The hair growth of healthy individuals exhibits periodicity, including growth period, rest period, regression period, and shedding period. The decrease in temperature and humidity may lead to a slowdown in scalp blood circulation, and the number of hair follicles entering the resting period will naturally increase. The dry climate makes it easy for the human body to experience internal heat, exacerbating the phenomenon of scalp oiliness, leading to seborrheic dermatitis, and ultimately causing hair loss. But when alopecia areata or hair loss exceeds 100 strands per day and lasts for more than two weeks, it is necessary to seek medical attention at a hair loss clinic in a timely manner; If there is insufficient hair regeneration ability, significant reduction in hair volume, receding hairline, and exposed scalp, it is also necessary to promptly seek professional medical institutions to identify the cause and receive targeted diagnosis and treatment. How to prevent hair loss in daily life? Experts suggest that in terms of diet, one can eat more foods such as black sesame seeds, walnuts, red dates, pears, goji berries, black beans, etc. that nourish yin and dryness, nourish kidneys and blood, avoid high-fat and high sugar diets, ensure sleep, avoid staying up late, and gently massage the scalp with fingertips to promote blood circulation. There is a rumor circulating on the internet that junk food has a "cure" for the effects of unhealthy ingredients in food, which can be offset by using another type of food as a "cure". For example, eating hot pot with yogurt, strip the skewers with fruit and green tea are all "antidotes for junk food". However, this statement is not credible. The combination of "junk food+antidote" may increase the burden on the human body. Junk food "is not a concept in nutrition. The reason why it is commonly referred to is that most of them are high in oil, sugar, salt, and processed foods. The health hazards caused by excessive diet to the human body are mostly irreversible. For example, during the barbecue process, carcinogens such as benzo [a] pyrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are produced, which cannot be eliminated once ingested into the body. Fried foods contain advanced glycation end products (AGEs), lipid peroxides, and acrylamide. After entering the body, these substances will produce a large amount of free radicals, triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. From a nutritional perspective, no food can serve as a 'cure'. For example, the potassium element in bananas cannot promote the metabolism or excretion of benzo [a] pyrene. Although antioxidants in fruits can help resist oxidative stress, the amount of oxidants produced after a large fried food meal is enormous, and eating a few oranges cannot achieve the effect of "offsetting", "neutralizing", or "clearing" free radicals. Moreover, the combination of so-called "junk food+antidote" may also increase the burden on the human body. For example, the combination of "drinking milk tea and then black coffee" may lead to excessive caffeine intake. The reason why the 'antidote theory' is not credible is that it reverses the core logic of healthy eating. Experts say that relying solely on a certain type of food as a "cure" not only lacks scientific basis, but also can easily lead to an imbalanced diet. The health hazards of high oil, high sugar, high salt, and highly processed foods are mainly long-term and excessive intake, rather than single consumption. If eaten occasionally, the body can metabolize normally and there is no need to deliberately "detoxify". Long term consumption of these foods can cause a series of negative consequences